How to grow Phoenix tail mushrooms at home
Main text introduction: This article introduces the method of growing Phoenix tail mushrooms at home and the related introduction of green plant flowers. Let's get to know together.
Phoenix tail mushrooms are rich in nutrients, delicious in taste, have a short production cycle, simple technology, and a wide source of raw materials, making them suitable for collective and family cultivation in rural areas. At the general business level, an average of 30~50 kilograms of mushrooms can be harvested from every 100 kilograms of straw, and high yield can be obtained at a higher business level, such as the Sichuan Chongqing Yongchuan Agricultural Science Research Institute, which can harvest 100~130 kilograms of fresh mushrooms from every 100 kilograms of straw, yielding good economic benefits.
Key points of indoor bed cultivation technology:
1. Mushroom house: The size of the mushroom house is unlimited, but it should be ventilated, light-transmitting, and insulated. No light is needed during the mycelium growth stage. The fruiting body development stage is sensitive to light, and scattered light can induce the formation and differentiation of primordia. The mycelium growth stage requires a certain amount of air. The fruiting body development stage has strict requirements for air; poor ventilation can lead to long stems, abnormal mushroom caps, yellowing and withering of stems, and even rotting.
Bed frames are set up in the mushroom house, with a bed width of 1~1.5 meters and a layer spacing of 50~60 centimeters. Each layer of the bed is covered with bamboo or wooden boards and then a layer of film. The mushroom house should be sealed and fumigated for disinfection before cultivation, which can be done by placing potassium permanganate in a bowl of formalin.
2. Treatment of culture materials The mycelium of Phoenix tail mushrooms has a strong ability to decompose lignin and cellulose. Pure straw, sawdust, sugar cane residue, corn stalks, waste cotton, etc., can all be used as culture materials. Currently, straw is the most commonly used. Taking straw as an example, there are two treatment methods: (1) Lime water disinfection method: Select fresh and non-moldy dry straw, remove the remaining grains, cut into 10~13 centimeters in length, soak in 0.5% lime water overnight, then rinse with clean water the next day and place in a bamboo basket (or sieve), and adjust the pH of the straw to 7~7.5. The moisture content should be 65~75% before use.
(2) Boiling water immersion method: The material selection method is the same as above. Soak the straw in a wooden bucket with boiling water for 15~20 minutes, then remove and let the water滴干 before use (moisture content requirements are the same as above). These two methods have slightly different production cycles and yields, with the former method being slightly higher.
3. Preparation of mushroom spawn
(1) Mother spawn: Culture medium: Potatoes 200g, glucose 20g, agar 20g, water 1000ml. Routine operation; after inoculation, culture at 25~27°C, wrap in black cloth after the mycelium fills the test tube, and store in a 4°C refrigerator, transferring tubes every three months.
(2) Original spawn: There are mainly three types of culture media: ① Wheat seed culture medium; wheat 100kg, calcium carbonate 0.5kg, gypsum 1.5kg. Preparation method: Wash the wheat seeds, soak overnight to fully absorb water, then cook in a pot the next day until cooked but not soft. Mix the calcium carbonate and gypsum powder with the cooked wheat seeds and fill into bottles, 150~200g per bottle, place in a sterilization container, heat to 100°C and maintain for 10 hours. After the bottle temperature drops to below 30°C, inoculate with oblique agar spawn. One tube of oblique agar can inoculate 6~8 bottles. Then culture at 25~27°C for 10~12 days until the bottom of the bottle is fully grown through. ② Straw powder culture medium: Straw powder 75kg, rice bran or bran 20kg, peanut cake powder or soybean cake powder 3kg, gypsum 1.5kg, calcium carbonate 0.5kg. Mix the materials well, add an appropriate amount of lime (to adjust the pH to 7~7.5), and the moisture content should be such that there are water patterns when pinched. Sterilization method is the same as the wheat seed culture medium. ③ Sawdust culture medium: Replace straw powder with sawdust, and the preparation method is the same as the straw powder culture medium.
(3) Cultivation spawn: The culture medium is the same as the original spawn. One bottle of wheat seed spawn (150~200g) can inoculate 40~50 bottles of cultivation spawn.
4. Sowing Sowing time is flexibly determined based on local temperature, as long as the room temperature is 25~27°C,播种 can be sown. Generally, it is done in spring and autumn. If conditions permit, room temperature can be controlled at 25~27°C with air conditioning equipment, allowing sowing all year round.
Sowing uses a layer sowing method: Spread a layer of culture material, then sprinkle a layer of spawn. For three layers of culture material, two layers of spawn should be sprinkled, which can be dot sown or strip sown 3 cm apart. The bottom layer is placed on the film, 3~4 cm thick; the top two layers together are 10~13 cm thick. After sowing, press down with a board to make the spawn adhere closely to the culture material, and finally cover with a layer of film to maintain moisture and temperature for spawn growth.
5. Management (1) Management before fruiting: After 4 days of sowing, the mycelium begins to proliferate, and a large amount of white mycelium is produced after 7~8 days. The mycelium grows to the bottom after 13 days, and the upper film is removed on the 18th day. Before揭膜, open the doors and windows 1~2 times a day, each time ventilating for 5~6 minutes. Remove green mold promptly and pull out the grass on the straw. After揭膜, strengthen ventilation and lighting (scattered light), spray a small amount of water to keep the material surface moist, and induce primordium formation.
(2) Management after fruiting: Create suitable conditions for growth and development according to different developmental stages. In the primordium formation stage, spray a small amount of water to keep the material surface moist and strengthen ventilation and provide some light to promote primordium differentiation. In the coral stage, when the primordium further differentiates into the stem and the cap has not yet formed, as well as in the young stage, when the cap forms and the gills begin to appear, a small amount of water should still be sprayed, ventilation and lighting should be strengthened. In the early mature stage, the amount of water should be increased to meet the water requirements of the mushroom. In the middle mature stage, when the edge of the cap appears to curl up in a wavy pattern, it is time to harvest promptly, as the fruiting body is the heaviest and of good quality at this stage.
6. Harvesting When the fruiting body enters the mature stage (usually 26~30 days after sowing), the cap is fully expanded, the edge is curled up, and the spores have not yet been ejected (or just beginning to be ejected), it is time to harvest.
Harvesting method: Press the culture material with the left hand and twist off the stem with the right hand. After harvesting a batch of mushrooms, clean the dead mushrooms on the bed surface, press the material, and make the mycelium grow faster. And spray water lightly to keep the material surface moist. From the first harvest to the last harvest, it takes about a month and a half, and mushrooms can be harvested every 5~6 days.
It should be noted that Phoenix tail mushrooms are extremely sensitive to dichlorvos, and its use is strictly prohibited in the mushroom house. During the fruiting stage, if there is continuous rainy weather, sunlight lamps should be added to facilitate the development of fruiting bodies. Also, Phoenix tail mushrooms have a strong spore ejection force, so pickers should wear masks during harvest to prevent a large number of spores from entering the nose and throat. Although spores are non-toxic, some people may experience allergies, coughing, or itchy skin.
以上 is the comprehensive introduction of how to grow Phoenix tail mushrooms at home and the steps of cultivation, hoping to bring some knowledge about green plants to green plant enthusiasts.