How Far to Fertilize Grapes from the Root
In grape cultivation management, scientific fertilization is a key factor in ensuring fruit quality. Reasonably controlling the distance and depth of fertilization not only improves nutrient absorption efficiency but also effectively avoids the risk of root burn. This article will systematically analyze the fertilization positioning techniques and operational points for grapes of different ages through illustrative demonstrations.
Grape Root Distribution and Fertilization Positioning
Young Grape Fertilization Distance
Two-year-old plants are recommended to maintain a 40 cm safe distance, at which point the lateral root spread is about 60 cm. Three-year-old grapes need to extend to 50 cm, with an annual increase of 10-15 cm as the tree ages. Trees over four years old should maintain an 80-100 cm circular fertilization band. Special care should be taken to avoid the main root area, and the use of a radial furrow application method can promote fibrous root development.
Key Points for Mature Grape Positioning
Eight-year-old trees and older need to dig a trench 20 cm outside the edge of the crown's shadow, where 80% of the absorbing roots are concentrated. Combining this with a drip irrigation system can implement a water-fertilizer integration, accurately delivering fertilizer to the dense capillary root area.
Vertical Space Management for Grape Fertilization
Layered Fertilization Technique
The trench specification is recommended to be 30-40 cm wide and strictly controlled to 40 cm deep. Apply fast-release fertilizer in the top 20 cm layer, slow-release fertilizer in the middle 25-35 cm layer, and add calcium and magnesium elements in the bottom 40 cm layer. This three-dimensional fertilization mode matches the vertical root distribution characteristics.
Special Soil Adjustment Plan
Heavy clay soil should be reduced to 30 cm deep and organic matter increased, while sandy soil needs to be deepened to 50 cm to prevent nutrient loss. Before the rainy season arrives, deep loosening measures can be combined to improve soil permeability.
Grape Nutrition Cycle Fertilization Strategy
Base Fertilizer Proportioning Plan
Apply 3-5 tons of decomposed manure per 667 square meters, combined with 25-50 kg of superphosphate. Note that poultry manure needs to be fermented with EM bacteria, and phosphorus fertilizer should be mixed with organic fertilizer and applied deeply to avoid fixation failure.
Top-dressing Dynamic Adjustment
In the germination stage, apply 10 kg of urea per mu, and switch to a high-phosphorus and potassium formula before flowering. Add 15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu during the color change stage, and promptly supplement amino acid water-soluble fertilizer after harvesting. It is recommended to combine with foliar sprays of boron, zinc, and other trace elements.
By precisely controlling the three-dimensional space of fertilization (horizontal distance, vertical depth, and timing), the utilization rate of fertilizer efficiency in the vineyard can be significantly improved. It is recommended that growers establish a fertilization record, recording the fertilizer effects at different phenological stages, and gradually optimize to form a personalized fertilization plan. Implement soil testing and formula technology, combined with tree vigor diagnosis for dynamic adjustment, to ultimately achieve the goal of high-quality and high-yield production.