Grape fertilization management
Scientific fertilization is a key link for high-quality and high-yield grapes. A reasonable combination of base fertilizer and topdressing systems can significantly improve fruit quality and yield. There are obvious differences in nutrient requirements in different growth periods. Only by mastering precise fertilization time and methods, and combining the characteristics of grape root systems to carry out three-dimensional nutrient supplementation can we achieve the goal of high and stable yields. The best application period of base fertilizer application system is 15-20 days after fruit harvest (September-October in the north/October-November in the south). The golden period of base fertilizer is the root system. At this time, the root system enters the third growth peak, and the regeneration ability of broken roots is strong. New root absorption (S-Y) points can germinate 7-10 days after application. Organic fertilizer ratio plan Applying 800kg of decomposed sheep manure +200kg of soybean cake fertilizer +50kg of calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer per mu, combined with 5kg of EM inoculant can improve the decomposition efficiency. An annular ditch is formed along the outer edge of the crown projection for adult trees, with a depth of 40-50cm, and a radial ditch method is used for young trees. Top dressing cycle management Top dressing during the germination period (late February) Use high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer (20-10-10) and seaweed, and apply 15kg per mu under drip irrigation. Combined with foliar spraying of 0.3% urea +0.2% borax solution to promote flower bud differentiation. Flowering period control (mid-to-late April) adopts a phosphorus and potassium double supplement plan: soil application of 20kg/mu of calcium superphosphate +15kg/mu of potassium sulfate, and leaf supplement of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0.1% ammonium molybdate to improve fruit setting rate. The key period for fruit expansion (June to July) is divided into two topdressing applications: 25kg/mu of high-potassium compound fertilizer (15-5-30) is applied during the young fruit period, and 10kg of potassium humate is added during the hard core period. Simultaneously spray calcium fertilizer leaves to prevent fruit cracking. Color conversion optimization (August) Control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, add 8kg/mu of potassium magnesium sulfate fertilizer, and combine amino acid foliar fertilizer. Soil water content is maintained within the range of 60-65%, promoting anthocyanin synthesis.
By establishing a three-dimensional fertilizer supply system of "applying base fertilizer in autumn to lay the foundation and topdressing to supplement nutrients in the growing season", combined with integrated water and fertilizer technology, grape yield can be increased by more than 25%, and sugar content can be increased by 2-3 degrees. Growers should dynamically adjust the fertilizer ratio in each period based on orchard soil testing data to achieve precise nutritional management.