Passion Fruit High Yield Cultivation Management Techniques
If you want to know the introduction of passion fruit high yield cultivation management techniques in the field of green plants and flowers, the following is a comprehensive introduction.
Passion Fruit High Yield Cultivation Management Techniques
Passion fruit market conditions in recent years are still good, and many young women like to drink passion fruit juice, which can not only lose weight but also beautify the skin. Passion fruit has high nutritional value. It is not easy to grow good passion fruit.
Passion Fruit High Yield Cultivation Management Techniques
1.1 Variety Selection
Currently, there are mainly three varieties of passion fruit in China: yellow, purple, and hybrid. The yellow passion fruit has a golden color, not only has a beautiful appearance and good taste, but also has strong resistance to diseases and pests. However, due to its poor self-pollination ability during the cultivation process, it requires artificial pollination, which increases the cultivation cost. The purple passion fruit series have the highest sweetness and yield, rich in vitamins. At the same time, this kind of passion fruit has good fruit quality, strong natural pollination ability, but relatively poor juice extraction rate and disease resistance. Hybrid passion fruit is mainly cultivated in Taiwan, with plump flesh, large single fruit, high yield, sweet and sour taste, and strong disease resistance, making it an ideal variety. However, in the process of passion fruit cultivation, fruit farmers still need to select suitable cultivation varieties based on environmental conditions and market demand to ensure the yield and quality of passion fruit.
1.2 Land Preparation and Fertilization
No plant can do without good soil nutrients and sufficient water (G-Y), and passion fruit is no exception. In the selection of cultivated land, it should have good lighting and ventilation conditions and be in a leeward area. At the same time, the selection of cultivated land should ensure sufficient water sources or install corresponding irrigation facilities to ensure adequate water sources for passion fruit. In addition, during the land preparation process, planting holes should be dug before planting, with a size of about 60 cm on each side of the cube, and the surface soil and subsoil excavated should be placed separately. After the planting holes are excavated, they should be exposed to natural conditions for about a month for weathering before backfilling. Finally, start fertilizing. The fertilization process should be combined with backfilling operations. When backfilling the soil, mix 25 kg of decomposed farm manure and 0.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate into the surface soil to fill two-thirds of the planting hole; then mix about 1 kg of compound microbial fertilizer into the core soil for backfilling, controlling the backfill height to about 20 cm from the ground surface. If the planting hole is not exposed to the sun in time, 1 kg of compound microbial fertilizer can be added directly to the soil before planting. If it is old soil, the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately to ensure sufficient nutrients for passion fruit planting.
1.3 Propagation
There are mainly two methods of propagating passion fruit, namely seed propagation and vine cutting propagation. However, at this stage, many farmers use the random vine propagation method when propagating passion fruit, which not only affects the quality of passion fruit but also reduces its resistance to diseases and pests, leading to a continuous increase in stem rot disease and a decrease in the yield of passion fruit. Therefore, in actual cultivation, a comprehensive analysis must be made to select the appropriate propagation method to ensure the healthy growth of passion fruit.
1.4 Planting
There is no time limit for planting passion fruit, and it can be planted throughout the year. The best planting months are March and April. Before planting passion fruit, the seedlings should be stored in nutrient cups. The planting time should be after the rain on a sunny or cloudy day. First, dig a small hole 20 cm deep in the hole, take out the seedling, straighten it, and put it vertically into the hole, layer by layer filling the soil, and tamping. After planting, arrange the tree trays in time and water with root-forming water. To improve the survival rate of seedlings, a solution of 800 times Haishen biological stimulant can be used as root-forming water. After all the processes are completed, a suitable covering material should be selected to cover the tree trays to ensure the healthy growth of the seedlings and improve the survival rate of the seedlings. Generally, the selected tree covering materials include grass seeds, weeds, straw, film, and snake skin bags.
1.5 Installation
Passion fruit is a climbing vine plant. During the planting process, it is necessary to set up a支架 to ensure its normal growth and development. At present, the most commonly used supporting forms are horizontal support, fence support, and A-frame support. Passion fruit is generally planted on flat land using horizontal support. The height of the scaffold is controlled at 2.5m. Cement columns are used to support the scaffold. The spacing between cement columns is generally controlled at about 4m. Between the cement columns, an equidistant rectangular grid of about 30 cm is drawn with 8-meter and 10-meter lead wires to form the scaffold surface. The length of the cement columns is controlled at about 3M, with the lower part about 60cm buried in the soil. The diameter of the middle column is 64cm², the diameter of the side column is 100cm², the thickness of the middle column is 30cm, and the angle is inclined outward, with a pit about 1 meter away from the outside. Then, put 10 kg of stones in and wrap 8m of lead wire around the stones. The wire is led out of the ground and then tied to the upper middle part of the side column.
1.6 Pruning
(1) To ensure the normal growth of the main vine, the axillary buds below 60 cm should be wiped off after the planting has survived. At the same time, when the main vine grows to about 50 cm, it can be guided to the scaffold by inserting a main column, and when the main vine grows to the top of the scaffold, the lateral branches can be extended to grow in different directions and wrapped on the scaffold. Generally, two葡萄藤 can be retained on both sides. In addition, during the growth of the lateral vines, if the lateral vines are wrapped with the支架, the top wrapping work should be carried out to facilitate the pulling out of the fruiting branches.
(2) The construction work during the fruit picking stage should be carried out as soon as possible, and should not exceed October 1st. During pruning, the fruiting branches above the Mid-Autumn branch should be retained.
(3) To ensure the yield of passion fruit in areas with frequent frost damage, pruning should be carried out 1-2 months after harvest and by the end of March. The pruning should focus on the main vine, leaving about 50 cm on each side. The grapevines should be preserved according to the two main branches. The branches near the trunk should be filled with fruits first, and pruned to 1-3 nodes immediately after fruit picking. In this way, the new buds from the main vine can form new fruiting branches. After the last harvest, only one or two leaves are left, and all other fruiting branches are cut from the base. During the pruning process, do not repeat pruning, otherwise it will not only affect the yield but also lead to the withering and death of the main vine.
1.7 Fertilization and Water Management
Traditional passion fruit fertilization mainly uses single general fertilizers, resulting in poor yield and quality of passion fruit. In production practice, microbial organic fertilizers should be used in combination with Haishen biological stimulants to improve the planting rate of passion fruit and enhance its disease resistance. The specific fertilization process is as follows:
(1) 15 days before flowering, apply flower fertilization to the roots. The type of chemical fertilizer used is mainly high-potassium compound fertilizer, with a single plant chemical fertilizer dosage of 1000-1500g;
(2) Fertilize after the flowers fade. However, the amount of high-potassium compound fertilizer used in this stage should be calculated reasonably according to the amount of flowers to avoid excessive fertilization affecting plant growth. The dosage of high-potassium compound fertilizer is generally controlled at 250-1000g/plant. If the number of flowers is too small, it is not suitable for fertilization.
(3) Strong fruit fertilizer is generally applied in late May and June, with a single plant fertilizer dosage of 3-4kg, and then apply a 300-fold Haishen biological stimulant to promote fruit growth. In addition, since passion fruit is a shallow-rooted plant, its roots are generally distributed in a soil layer of 5-40cm thick, with horizontal roots reaching 5m, and it prefers a humid growth environment. Therefore, in the dry season, watering should be done in time, but in the rainy season, corresponding drainage measures should be taken to ensure the moisture content of passion fruit during the growth process.
1.8 Soil Management
Before passion fruit production, some vegetables can be planted outside the planting holes, but the main vegetables should not be melons, eggplants, and other vegetables to avoid disease infection affecting their growth; after passion fruit production, effective pest and disease control should be carried out, and weeds should be cleared regularly. In summer and autumn, the orchard should be plowed 5-10 cm deep, turning the withered branches, leaves, weeds, and compound microbial fertilizers into the soil to activate the soil and improve fertilizer utilization. From fruit expansion and droop to harvest, it needs to be plowed 2-3 times.
1.9 Cleaning the Countryside
The cleaning and plowing work of the park should be carried out before winter. Dig out the pests hidden in the soil layer and carry out pest control operations through methods such as changing temperature differences or sun exposure to reduce the impact of pests on plants. At the same time, during the plowing process, the surface weeds and leaves can be converted into soil, providing fertilizer for the soil.
Pest and Disease Control
(1) Damping-off disease in seedlings: Spray a mixture of 800 times Likelin, 800-1000 times Mujundi, 75% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times, and 70% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times on the plants.
(2) Mosaic virus: Use 1000-1500 times Xiaoye Huangma, 1500-2000 times virus, 2000-2500 times Junduqing, 400 times 5% Junduqing wettable powder, and 300 times 0.5% Jieduji No. 1 water for treatment.
(3) Stem rot disease: Apply 500-800 times Multicillin, 30% benzoxazole, propiconazole EC 1500-2000 times, and 7% methyl thiophanate wettable powder directly on the rootstock to achieve control effects, and the interval between medication should be controlled at about half a month.
(4) Bacterial wilt: The main control drugs are Shigao 1000-2000 times liquid, propargyl zinc 600-800 times liquid, and 80% phosphoric acid aluminum ethyl ester 1000 times liquid, with a spray interval of about one week and stopping spraying 3 days before harvest.
(5) Leaf spot: Spray 0.6% Bordeaux solution once a month.
(6) American leafminer: The main drugs used are American leafminer 2500-3000 times liquid and Abamectin 3000-6000 times liquid.
(7) Thrips: Xifan 3000 times liquid and 80% dichlorvos EC 800 times liquid have good effects.
(8) Mites: There are many drugs for treating such pests, such as red and white mite killer 3000-4000 times liquid, Lier mite 1500-3000 times liquid, 90% dimethoate 800 times liquid, and Nongdile 1000 times liquid.
(9) Red spider: Choose 5% Zomitet suspension liquid 2000 times or 1.8% Abamectin emulsion 2500-3000 times liquid spray control.
(10) Snail: Mainly use 6% Tetraethylaluminum snail killer granules to control snails, with a dosage of about 0.5kg/667m², avoiding excessive medication that may affect plant growth. Spraying should be done at night.
(11)桔小实蝇 and东方果蝇: If they are adults, they are usually captured by methyl eugenol sex pheromones; if they are larvae, they can be treated with 90% times 1.8% Abamectin, 800 times Abamectin emulsion, and 3%红糖 spray treatment.
Harvesting
To ensure the yield and quality of passion fruit, harvesting should be done in a timely manner. The flowering period of passion fruit is relatively long, and even in the same orchard, the maturity will be different, so during the harvesting process, it is usually carried out in batches. About 3 months after pollination, the fruit turns red and emits a fragrance, at which time harvesting can begin. During the harvesting process, care should be taken to handle the fruit carefully to reduce leaf damage. Since the passion fruit matures and falls off automatically, a corresponding film can be laid on the ground to ensure the quality of the fallen fruit. In addition, the collection of fruits from the ground should be completed as soon as possible, within 3 days, to avoid fruit rotting due to long exposure to the sun.
The related content of high-yield cultivation management techniques for passion fruit shared in this article is for the reference of green plant enthusiasts, hoping to solve your problems in green plant and flower management.