Grape Cultivation Techniques in Greenhouse
This article provides a detailed explanation of greenhouse grape cultivation techniques and shares tips on high-quality and efficient grape cultivation. Following is a comprehensive introduction.
Greenhouse grapes are known for their sweet and sour taste, and rich nutrition, making them highly popular. The development of greenhouse cultivation technology plays an important role in agricultural production. Through the management of greenhouse grape cultivation, the yield of grapes can be increased, enhancing the economic benefits of farmers. Greenhouse grapes provide a suitable environment for grape growth under certain conditions, effectively increasing the yield and meeting market demand. Therefore, summarizing the experience of greenhouse grape cultivation can lead to better quality and more efficient grape products.
1 Selection and Planning of the Orchard
In choosing a greenhouse grape orchard, the principle of "one place, one product" should be the key. It is important to take advantage of the orchard's strengths, focusing on selecting open terrain to ensure good ventilation and sufficient sunlight inside the greenhouse; choosing soil that is relatively loose and fertile, with an organic matter content of over 2%, suitable soil thickness, and at least a 50 cm active layer of soil, with the groundwater level below 90 cm; and selecting sites with additional structures such as roads, drainage, and windbreak forests. In the selection of grape varieties, the local climatic conditions should be considered, with market demand as the main reference. Varieties that are disease and stress-resistant should be chosen. For rootstock selection, many prefer varieties like巨峰 (Jufeng) and 红富士 (Hong富士).
2 Core Aspects of Greenhouse Construction
In the process of greenhouse construction, the structure should be connected, with each greenhouse width limited to 5-8 meters, shoulder height controlled at 1.9-2.1 meters, and the height of the greenhouse at 3.6 meters. Strong materials should be chosen to build the connected arch-shaped greenhouse, with an overall length of about 70 meters, and oriented north-south to facilitate light collection for the greenhouse grapes. The film covering the greenhouse should be made of polyethylene longevity film or vinyl acetate film, installed before or after grape planting, with a shed frame chosen, with a longitudinal length of about 3.8 meters and a transverse length of about 4.7 meters, the middle column length being 2.3 meters, buried 0.4 meters underground, with a ground height of 1.9 meters. There should be iron wires spaced about 28 cm apart between the top of the columns horizontally and vertically, forming a strong greenhouse frame.
3 Planting Strategy Construction
In the process of planting greenhouse grapes, the timing should be from after defoliation to before the Spring Festival. Container seedlings and bare-root transplanting are not limited by time or season. For the planting direction of grapevines, choose a north-south orientation and dense planting. On every 700 cubic meters of soil, about 140 permanent grapevines should be planted. The specific density of planting depends on the grape variety and management level. Before planting, dig a planting trench 70 cm wide and 50 cm deep, apply about 49 kg of phosphate fertilizer, then cover with surface soil about 20 cm thick. Before planting, properly prepare the planting ridge, which should be 20 cm higher than the ground, and dig some planting holes. When removing the grafting wrapping film, the grafting joint should be above the ground, apply some human manure, water moderately, and then cover the entire ridge with black plastic film 90 cm wide.
Grape Cultivation Techniques in Greenhouse
4 Analysis of Covering the Greenhouse with Film and Management
The management time for covering the greenhouse with film for grape cultivation is around February. During the greenhouse grape cultivation process, attention should be paid to the release of grape dormancy, ensuring a low temperature of about 1,400 hours. When the low temperature is insufficient, 15% calcium cyanamide can be used to treat the branches and buds of the grape plants to break dormancy and promote germination. The calcium cyanamide should be diluted with warm water, stirred, allowed to settle, and the clear liquid used to paint the buds with a brush, preferably used immediately. During the flowering period, the temperature inside the greenhouse should generally be controlled at around 28°C, with the highest temperature not exceeding 34°C. When the temperature inside the greenhouse is higher than 29°C, attention should be paid to the ventilation status, increasing ventilation, and by around 3 pm, the greenhouse should be closed to maintain the temperature. In case of rainy weather, the water should be distributed to the depressions inside the greenhouse. Also, during the noon hours, open the greenhouse door for ventilation to keep the humidity inside the greenhouse at around 50%.
5 Fertilization Exploration
In the process of fertilizing greenhouse grapes, it is necessary to meet the nutritional needs of the grapes for various elements. Organic fertilizers contain a variety of nutrients, so emphasis should be placed on the use of organic fertilizers. Additionally, commercial inorganic fertilizers and foliar fertilizers should be used. During topdressing, corresponding irrigation techniques should be combined to improve the soil's ability to absorb fertilizers. Different types of fertilizers should be chosen for different growth stages of grapes to supplement the demand for various trace elements. Generally, during high temperatures or dry periods, the concentration of foliar fertilizers should be reduced. After grapes mature, foliar topdressing should be stopped 25 days before harvest. For young trees, topdressing should start when 6 leaves have grown on the vine, with topdressing every 12 days. Before July, mainly nitrogen fertilizers should be used, and compound fertilizers in the later stages. For fruiting grape trees, attention should be paid to the amount of winter fertilizers, with thin fertilizers or foliar topdressing applied regularly.
6 Shaping and Pest and Disease Treatment
In greenhouse grape cultivation, it is important to pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases. The ecological environment inside the greenhouse should be continuously improved to enhance air circulation and the disease resistance of grape branches and buds. In winter, clean the planting area to thoroughly eliminate pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, targeted spraying should be done based on the growth stage of the grapes. During the dormant period, control overwintering pathogen sources, regularly prune diseased branches and leaves to improve the disease resistance of grapevines.
7 Conclusion
Focusing on the research of greenhouse grape cultivation techniques can help in the cultivation of greenhouse grapes, achieving high-quality and high-yield grapes, and increasing the economic income of grape growers. The adoption of efficient greenhouse grape cultivation techniques can promote the development of the grape industry and contribute to economic growth.
The above is a specific introduction to greenhouse grape cultivation techniques and the sharing of high-quality and efficient grape cultivation techniques for reference by netizens.