How to plant Gastrodia elata
If you want to know how to plant Gastrodia elata and the related experience of flower planting technology for its cultivation, let's learn about it together.
Gastrodia elata, commonly known as Red Arrow, Wind-stabilizing Grass, Immortal Foot, etc., is a perennial herbaceous parasitic plant of the Orchidaceae family. Since ancient times, it has been listed as a precious medicinal material, and it is also a good health product. Gastrodia elata is mainly used for dizziness, migraine, limb spasm, numbness of hands and feet, hemiplegia, infantile convulsion, etc. The medicinal part of Gastrodia elata is the underground tuber, and its main components analyzed by modern pharmacology include gastrodin, vanillin, vanillic alcohol, glucopyranoside, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol succinic acid, β-sitosterol, daucosterol, citric acid, methyl ester, palmitic acid, sucrose, etc. Traditional Gastrodia elata mainly comes from wild Gastrodia elata, which has become extinct. In recent years, the export volume of Gastrodia elata has increased significantly, and domestic pharmaceuticals and health products also use a large amount of it. Therefore, the total output of Gastrodia elata is less than 30% of the market demand, and the demand is large, with prices soaring. The cultivation of Gastrodia elata has a considerable profit and a promising future!
Basic conditions for artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata
1. Temperature: Temperature has the greatest impact on Gastrodia elata. The yield is directly related to temperature. The germination temperature of Gastrodia elata tubers is 10-15 degrees, but the growth is very slow. When the soil temperature reaches 20-25 degrees, the growth and development of Gastrodia elata is the fastest, which is also the most suitable temperature for the growth of Gastrodia elata (and Armillaria mellea). When the temperature exceeds 35 degrees, the growth of Gastrodia elata is difficult, and when the soil temperature is below 10 degrees, Gastrodia elata stops growing and enters the dormant period.
2. Soil: Gastrodia elata prefers to grow in loose sandy soil. In areas without sand, materials such as humus soil, rice husks, sawdust, etc. can be added to the soil to increase soil permeability, and mineral slag, coal slag, etc. can also be mixed in. The pH value of the soil is required to be between 5-7, preferably slightly acidic.
Nutritional mode of Gastrodia elata
Gastrodia elata is a special heterotrophic plant, and its main source of nutrition is the nutrition provided by Armillaria mellea after decomposition. It has the ability to digest Armillaria mellea. There is a digestive layer in the cortex tissue of Gastrodia elata. After 30-40 days of dormancy, the digestive ability of the digestive layer increases. When the young hyphae of Armillaria mellea penetrate into the digestive layer cells of Gastrodia elata, the digestive cells secrete an enzyme that can turn the invading hyphae into partners that provide nutrition, becoming the nutrition required for the growth of Gastrodia elata. The hyphae continue to extend in all directions, and Gastrodia elata also continuously receives nutrition. Of course, the growth of hyphae consumes nutrients in the cultivation material. Therefore, the more and more vigorous the Armillaria mellea, the faster the growth of Gastrodia elata. The key to the success or failure of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia elata lies in whether there is a large amount of Armillaria mellea during the growth period of Gastrodia elata.
Therefore, it is necessary to reproduce Armillaria mellea before cultivating Gastrodia elata. The formula for the preparation of Armillaria mellea mother strain is as follows:
Potatoes 200g, sugar 20g, agar 20g, water 1000ml, magnesium sulfate 3g, vitamin 2g. Accurately weigh according to the formula, first peel and slice the potatoes and put them into 1000ml of water, and boil them over low heat for about 20 minutes. Then filter, add water and heat again, first boil agar, sugar, magnesium sulfate, and vitamin until they are completely dissolved. Use a measuring cup to see if it is still 1000ml, if not, make up with boiling water. Divide and pack into test tubes while hot, with 12ml in each tube, and 1000ml can be divided into 80-100 test tubes. When dividing and packing, use a long tube funnel and do not let the culture medium stick to the mouth of the test tube to avoid wetting the cotton plug and contaminating bacteria. The cotton plug should be stuffed with ordinary cotton and inserted into the test tube with moderate tightness. Then, bundle 10 test tubes into a small bundle and then bundle 5 small bundles into a large bundle, wrap the cotton plug with kraft paper, and put it into a high-pressure pot for 40 minutes at a pressure of 1.5 kg to stop the fire. Wait for the pressure gauge to return to zero before venting and opening the pot, and take out the test tubes and place them obliquely on the table. There are two types of oblique test tubes: the original mother strain test tube - the oblique surface of the oblique test tube should be half the length of the tube. After cooling and solidification, take some test tubes and place them in a constant temperature incubator at 27-30 degrees for blank culture for 10 days. After observing that there are no bacteria, it can be used for a large number of separation and seed production or transfer to production mother strain. Inoculation should be carried out under strict aseptic conditions - you can use 629 edible fungi special disinfectant, aerosol disinfection box, electronic inoculator, etc. After inoculation, place it in a constant temperature incubator at 25 degrees for culture for 15-20 days. When it is full of the test tube and confirmed that there is no bacteria, it can be used for secondary mother strain transfer. The mother strain can also be cultured using the vertical tube agar method.
Formula for the preparation of the second strain of Armillaria mellea
The second strain is actually the expanded culture of the first strain. One mother strain can transfer to 5 bottles of the second strain, and one bottle of the second strain can transfer to about 20 bottles of the third strain.
Formula for the second strain:
1. Sawdust 80 jin, corn cob 50 jin, bran 15 jin, corn meal 10 jin, urea 0.5 jin, magnesium sulfate 0.4 jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 jin, gypsum 1 jin, calcium carbonate 1 jin, moisture content 75%.
2. Corn cob or cottonseed shell 80 jin, corn meal 15 jin, urea 0.5 jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 jin, magnesium sulfate 0.4 jin, lime 1 jin, calcium carbonate 1 jin, moisture content 65%.
3. Branch second strain, fresh branches of various broad-leaved trees, requiring a diameter of 1-2 cm, cut into small sections of 6 cm long, filled with nutrient water, the formula for nutrient water, water 100 jin, potatoes 5 jin boiled water, magnesium sulfate 0.5 jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 jin, after filling with water, cover with polypropylene plastic cover and put on the skin cover.
4. Sawdust 100 jin, bran 10 jin, corn meal 10 jin, branches 100 jin, cut into small sections of 6 cm long, sugar 1 jin, magnesium sulfate 0.5 jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.5 jin, urea 0.5 jin, gypsum 2 jin, calcium carbonate 1 jin, moisture content 70%. Mix the above raw materials evenly, start filling the bottle and bag.
Filling standard: each bottle can hold 2.5 liang of dry material, after filling the wet material, the weight of the bottle should be 1.3 jin, which proves that the amount of material and the looseness are moderate. Make a hole in the middle of the material to facilitate the rapid growth of the hyphae. After filling the bottle, wipe the bottle clean immediately, cover with polypropylene plastic, and put on the skin cover for normal pressure sterilization at 100 degrees for more than 10 hours. After the sterilization is over, when the bottle temperature drops to below 30 degrees, move it into the inoculation room. Before inoculation, strict disinfection must be carried out - use 629 disinfectant or aerosol disinfection box or electronic inoculator in combination. One production mother strain can transfer to 5 bottles of the second strain, and after inoculation, it can be placed in a constant temperature incubator at 25-27 degrees, or it can be placed in a place where the temperature can be maintained at 25 degrees for culture. Check every 3-5 days, and remove the poor growth and impure ones in time. After about 35 days of culture, it can be full, and after the bottle is full, it should be further cultured for 5 more days before transferring to the third strain or directly cultivating Gastrodia elata.
Formula for the preparation of the third strain of Armillaria mellea: sawdust, cottonseed shell, corn cob, leaves, etc., can be selected or mixed, accounting for 30%, non-oily branches accounting for 45%, cut into small sections of about 5 cm, bran 15%, soybean cake 6%, sugar 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, Clotrimazole 0.2%, urea 0.5%, calcium carbonate 1%, gypsum 1%.
The method is the same as the second strain, and it is cultured for about 45 days under 20-25 degrees until it is full. Although both the second and third strains can be used to cultivate the bacterial material, the second strain has better quality and purity, and the bacterial material cultivated is more and more vigorous.
Cultivation of Gastrodia elata
1. Time: The cultivation period of Gastrodia elata is generally during its dormant period, which is from November to May of the following year in our region. The cultivation of Gastrodia elata is not restricted by geographical location and can make full use of all idle land, slopes, forests, indoor and outdoor greenhouses, wooden boxes, bamboo baskets, air-raid shelters, basements, woven bags, flower pots, plastic bags, etc. Cultivation materials are also abundant: sawdust, corn cob, branches, leaves, agricultural straw, wheat straw, etc., as long as the materials where Armillaria mellea can grow normally can be used to cultivate Gastrodia elata.
2. Cultivation methods of Gastrodia elata: asexual propagation, sexual propagation
3. Glossary: A - Arrow Gastrodia elata, the large Gastrodia elata produced by planting white Gastrodia elata in autumn of the same year, which can germinate and bloom in the first year, with a clear bud tip, generally the largest in size, yellowish-brown or light yellow, also known as commercial Gastrodia elata, because in addition to being used for sexual breeding and seed preservation, it has a low multiplication rate after processing into commercial Gastrodia elata. B - White Gastrodia elata, weighing several grams to more than a hundred grams, with a milky white growth point similar to a bud tip at the front end, white Gastrodia elata is divided into large white Gastrodia elata, medium white Gastrodia elata, and small white Gastrodia elata. White Gastrodia elata has strong reproductive ability and can become commercial Gastrodia elata (that is, grow into arrow Gastrodia elata) in half a year to one year. C - Rice Gastrodia elata, small Gastrodia elata with a length of less than 3 cm and a weight of about 2 grams, and even smaller ones weighing only a few milligrams, but its reproduction coefficient is the highest. D - Mother Gastrodia elata, that is, after white Gastrodia elata is cultivated, the front end grows arrow Gastrodia elata, and the Gastrodia elata body becomes a female body, which is called mother Gastrodia elata. In general, mother Gastrodia elata has little medicinal value.
The latest technology for one-step cultivation of Gastrodia elata, why the one-step cultivation method of Gastrodia elata is invented, Gastrodia elata has been a traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times, and many diseases such as rheumatism and headache use Gastrodia elata as the main formula. Modern research has found that Gastrodia elata has a good health function, the most significant of which is to extract a certain component of Gastrodia elata, which can significantly improve people's brain response speed and intelligence. Now air pilots take a large amount of it. (1) Therefore, the amount of Gastrodia elata used is increasing more and more. There is no problem with market sales. (2) After harvesting Gastrodia elata, you can also dig it out and plant it again. (3) It can also be sold as seeds. (4) Arrow Gastrodia elata, that is, large Gastrodia elata, is basically left for hybrid breeding in the northeast. (5) Arrow Gastrodia elata can also be made into dried Gastrodia elata and sold as commercial Gastrodia elata. (6) The Yatai Edible Fungi Research Institute sells Gastrodia elata products to domestic and foreign countries throughout the year and recycles them all year round. You don't have to worry about the sales of Gastrodia elata. The reason why Gastrodia elata can develop is because it has so many advantages. More importantly, it does not occupy cultivated land, and it does not need to be managed every day during farming time. It can be planted in large quantities in front of the house, behind the house, and indoors.
Traditional Gastrodia elata planting methods are asexual propagation, and the number of generations exceeds 3 generations, and the yield and quality decline significantly. Therefore, in order to improve the yield of Gastrodia elata, it is necessary to carry out hybrid breeding of Gastrodia elata. The Yatai Edible Fungi Research Institute has completely solved the technical key of hybrid breeding of Gastrodia elata honey and Armillaria mellea, and the one-step cultivation method of Gastrodia elata.
Cultivation time of Gastrodia elata
The determination of Gastrodia elata planting time is based on a soil temperature of 5-10 degrees. (1) Indoor, greenhouse, caves, from November 10 to the latest by May 10 of the next year. (2) Field cultivation, the earliest on March 20 and the latest on May 20, with the best time in April. (3) Preparations before field cultivation. Choose a windward sunny slope or flat land, and it should not accumulate a large amount of water in summer. (4) Preparations before indoor greenhouse cultivation. The site is close to the water source, and the temperature in winter should not be lower than -5 degrees and should not exceed 35 degrees in summer. (5) Preparation of raw materials. Cut down trees one month in advance, suitable tree species include various fruit tree branches, willows, locust trees, locust trees, oak trees, etc. Armillaria mellea has a strong vitality and can grow on more than 600 kinds of trees. The diameter of the cut trees should be 3-6 cm and the length should be 30 cm. Because Armillaria mellea grows on wood, it is commonly called bacterial material. (6) Prepare fine river sand or wind sand, and some leaves can be prepared if conditions permit. (7) Excavation of the pit for field cultivation requires a depth of 50 cm, a width of 1 meter, and a length of 1 meter. It is commonly called a nest. The nest also has its advantages, which can prevent cross-infection. (8) Soaking, nutrient solution formula: 1. Water 100 jin, ammonium nitrate 1 jin, magnesium sulfate 1 jin, Lixin Fungus King 1 liang; formula 2. Water 100 jin, compound fertilizer 1 jin, urea half jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate half jin, magnesium sulfate 1 jin, Lixin Fungus King 1 liang. Soak the branches in the nutrient solution for one hour, take them out, and dry the surface moisture. It can be used without soaking. The nutrient solution water can also be mixed with sand to increase nutrition.
Cultivation: first pour enough water into the pit bottom, then lay a layer of sand about one inch thick, place the tree sticks one inch apart, and place a white Gastrodia elata seed every 10 cm and a rice Gastrodia elata seed every 5 cm. Too small rice Gastrodia elata seeds can be broadcast. Then place a peach pit-sized Armillaria mellea block or a section of branch with Armillaria mellea between the Gastrodia elata seeds, lay a layer of sand one inch thick, and if there are leaves, lay a layer of leaves. This is four layers of tree sticks and three layers of Gastrodia elata Armillaria mellea. Cover the surface with 20 cm of soil, and the Gastrodia elata planting is complete. The key to the success of Gastrodia elata planting is the planting time and the pure Armillaria mellea one-step cultivation method. After planting Gastrodia elata, no special management is required. Water can be watered in