What is the prospect of dairy farming?
Let's learn about the prospects of dairy farming and the knowledge of dairy cow breeding management techniques and flower-related aspects together.
Due to the long-term milk production, the breeding management techniques of dairy cows are usually particularly important. Therefore, it is common to reach the standard of feeding four times a day in summer, adhering to the principle of feeding roughage first and then concentrate. In addition, farmers should also do a good job in the grouping management of dairy cows and keep them active.
I. Grouping of dairy cows
Adult female cows are generally divided into five stages according to the lactation stage, which are the dry period, delivery period, peak lactation period, mid-lactation period, and late lactation period.
II. Principles of dairy cow breeding management.
1. Group management and fixed breeding.
2. Fixed feeding program, stable feed varieties, and a one-week transition period should be provided when changing feed.
3. Formulate the diet according to the nutritional needs.
III. Grouping in the breeding of adult dairy cows
1. During the dry period, feed less concentrate and more roughage, stop feeding succulent feeds and sugar residues, with the ratio of concentrate to roughage at 30:70, and mixed feed accounting for the live weight.
2. Key points of breeding management during the perinatal period: Low calcium feeding, start increasing the feeding of concentrate 10 days before delivery, raise the postpartum calcium-phosphorus ratio to 0.8:1 to prevent postpartum paralysis, reduce the feeding of concentrate 3 days before the late perinatal period, increase the calcium content in the feed postpartum to restore the calcium-phosphorus ratio, gradually increase the concentrate from the fourth day postpartum, reach 1% of the body weight by the tenth day, and 1.5% by the fifteenth day. If a cow shows postpartum paralysis due to low blood calcium, inject calcium gluconate promptly.
3. Management during the peak lactation period: Ensure the intake of dry matter, with the peak lactation at 7 weeks postpartum and the peak intake at 14 weeks, with roughage and concentrate at a ratio of 40:60, gradually reducing thereafter, and pay attention to the balance of energy and protein.
4. Management of reserve heifers
Calf period: Feed colostrum early and adequately, ensure the calf eats colostrum immediately after birth, three times a day, and switch to normal milk after 5-7 days. Newborn calves should be prevented from having diarrhea from the seventh day, and they can start eating grass after one week.
Management of growing heifers: The dry matter of the diet accounts for 1.52% of the live weight. If no estrus occurs by 10-12 months of age, check the development of the reproductive organs. When the weight reaches 360 kg at 16, 17, or 18 months of age, they can be bred.
Management of young cows: The dry matter of the diet accounts for 1.5% of the body weight. The feed provided at each stage must be of good quality, and high-quality concentrate should be formulated under the guidance of technicians to meet their growth and development needs and provide quality products. Silage should be prevented from spoiling.
The above is a complete introduction to the prospects of dairy farming and the breeding management techniques of dairy cows, for everyone to learn and understand!