How to grow Pleurotus ostreatus for high yield
The editor answers for everyone on how to grow Pleurotus ostreatus for high yield and the related contents of planting methods and techniques of Pleurotus ostreatus, the following is a detailed introduction for you
Selection of Substrate
There are many raw materials available for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus, such as cottonseed hulls, sawdust, corn cobs, straw, wheat straw, stalks, leaves, sweet potato vines, and so on. Among them, cottonseed hulls are the best, with each jin (500g) of cottonseed hulls yielding over 1.5 jin of fresh mushrooms. The cottonseed hulls used for cultivating Pleurotus ostreatus must be fresh, dry, and free from mildew, and it is not recommended to use old cottonseed hulls from previous years.
Selection of Site
Open-air, orchards, forests, unused houses, plastic greenhouses, basements, or any site with good drainage and ventilation and no pollution sources can be used for planting Pleurotus ostreatus.
New sites need to be cleaned and wiped with lime water, while sites previously used for edible fungi need to be disinfected, either by fumigation with sulfur or by spraying with a 1:1000 dilution of potassium permanganate solution, followed by sealing for about 12 hours.
Preparation of Substrate
Mainly using cottonseed hulls as the main ingredient, add wheat bran, superphosphate, gypsum powder, and lime. The specific proportion is: cottonseed hulls 90%, wheat bran 5%, superphosphate 1%, lime 3%, gypsum 1%. If it is raw material cultivation, multi菌灵 should be added for sterilization, while no need for cooked material.
Raw Material Cultivation
Raw material cultivation is simple, labor-saving, time-saving, and cost-effective, and there is less nutrient loss in the substrate without high-temperature cooking, resulting in higher yields. This is currently a commonly used planting method.
Place the mixed main and supplementary ingredients on a clean empty ground and mix well, then add water according to a ratio of 1:1.2 to 1:1.3, mix well to reach about 60% moisture content (when the mixed substrate is tightly pinched in the hand, water should seep out between the fingers without dripping), and adjust the pH to 7.5 to 8.
Fermentation
Raw material cultivation must be fermented. Stack the well-mixed substrate into circular piles at a rate of 50 kg per square meter, or into long piles if the amount of substrate is large. Press down firmly, insert wooden sticks into the bottom to create air holes, then cover with plastic film for fermentation. After 1 day, check and turn the pile when the temperature reaches about 70 degrees to prevent overheating. Generally, it takes about 5 days to finish fermenting.
Inoculation
Use the cylinder bag cultivation method, with a plastic cylinder bag specification of 22-25 cm wide and 40-50 cm long. When filling, first tie one end of the plastic cylinder bag tightly, add a layer of spawn, then a layer of material, pressing down firmly while filling, and repeat for 3 layers of material, capped with spawn, and tie the bag tightly. One bag of spawn material consists of 3 layers of substrate and 4 layers of spawn, with more spawn at both ends and less in the middle.
Fungal Management
After inoculation, place the bags in a room or greenhouse for spawn growth. If the temperature is below 10 degrees Celsius in winter and spring, stack 3 to 5 layers, otherwise, 2 layers are sufficient. No lighting is needed during the spawn growth period, so the spawn room should be shaded. Under suitable temperature, humidity, and good ventilation, the mycelium can grow full in the substrate within 20 to 30 days.
Mushroom Management
When the mycelium has grown full and primordia similar to grapes appear on the surface of the substrate, artificial induction of mushroom growth should be performed. At this time, increase lighting, ventilation, and relative humidity of the air, increase the indoor temperature difference by 10 to 20 degrees Celsius, spray the ground and walls, and increase the relative humidity of the air to 90%.
Harvesting
Timely harvesting is a good method to ensure the quality and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. When the mushrooms begin to change from dark to light and the edges of the caps are not fully open, they can be harvested. After harvesting, promptly clean the stumps and dead mushrooms from the substrate surface to prevent decay, then stop watering for 2 days before spraying to moisten and induce new mushrooms. Generally, the second batch of mushrooms can be harvested 10 to 15 days later, and 4 to 6 batches can be harvested.
The above introduction on how to grow Pleurotus ostreatus for high yield and the method of planting Pleurotus ostreatus can be used as a reference suggestion for everyone.