How to cultivate grapes
Let me tell you about the experience of grape cultivation and the green plant maintenance aspects of grape cultivation techniques and management, the specific contents are as follows:
Time: January, February
Phenological period: Dormant period
Main technical measures: 1. Check the situation at any time, and add soil or compact the gaps if there is less soil or gaps.
2. Prepare bags, prepare high-quality fruit bags.
3. Facility seedling raising: Perform cutting root promotion and start in the late February, and insert cuttings into the greenhouse.
Time: March
Phenological period: Dormant period
Main technical measures: 1. Material preparation: Prepare trellis materials, fertilizers, pesticides, repair tools, and sprayers.
2. Repair trellis: Straighten the trellis poles, tension the wires, and pull tight.
3. Seedling raising and garden establishment: Raise seedlings in the open field, prepare the land, promote root growth, insert cuttings for seedling raising, and start planting in the mature seedling orchard.
Time: April
Phenological period: Germination period
Main technical measures: 1. Unearthing: Generally around Qingming (Chinese清明) Festival, be careful when unearthed to avoid damaging the branches and buds to prevent sap flow.
2. Eliminate overwintering pathogen and pest sources, remove old bark, apply fungicides; apply copper preparations in areas with more rain or years; apply sulfur preparations in dry areas with less rain, such as lime sulfur mixture; choose special agents for special problems.
3.上架: The greenhouse frame can be set up early, and the Kyoho grape frame can be placed on the ground (after following the vines) for 15-20 days before setting up, which helps to balance the tree vigor and improve the Kyoho grape fruit-setting rate.
4. Remove buds: Remove weak buds and one of the double buds.
Time: May
Phenological period: Flowering and shoot rapid growth period
Main technical measures: 1. Bind the shoots: When the new shoots grow to more than 40 centimeters, bind them in time to prevent wind breakage, and pay attention to pinching the secondary spikes and removing the basal buds.
2. Thin the shoots: Thin out the dense, flowerless shoots.
3. Thin the spikes: Remove the dense spikes, generally no spikes on weak branches, one spike on average branches, and two spikes on strong branches.
Pinch the spike tip: After removing the lateral branches, pinch off one-fourth to one-fifth of the spike tip.
4. Spray pesticides: Spray pesticides once before and after flowering. Pesticides should be alternated, mainly to control black spot disease, spike disease, gray mold disease, green盲蝽, and other pests and diseases.
After flowering: Disease control after flowering is a critical period. Use fungicides with good control effects and broad-spectrum fungicides, and also use systemic drugs targetedly.
5. Pinch the tip: Two to three days before flowering, perform hard wood or semi-woody pinching on Kyoho grapes, leaving 3-6 leaves above the strong and weak spikes. For hard wood or semi-woody pinching, leave enough leaves after fruit setting. For grapes with high fruit-setting rate, perform late pinching, such as Hongdi grape, which can be postponed to 14-15 leaves before pinching, and then pinch repeatedly to prevent excessive growth. After pinching Kyoho grapes, select the upper good lateral shoot to leave enough leaves for pinching, and thin out the rest.
6. Spray fertilizer during flowering: It is recommended to apply a fungicide and boron supplement before flowering.
7. Young tree management: Watering in time, loosening the soil to maintain moisture, guiding and binding, and transplanting new seedlings.
Time: June
Phenological period: Berry expansion period
Main technical measures: 1. Clean the trellis: According to the actual situation of the trellis, and thin out and organize the lateral shoots.
2. Spray pesticides: Control objects include white rot disease, anthracnose, brown spot disease, downy mildew, green盲蝽, etc. In the period of young fruit, it is a critical period for standardized control, generally using a fungicide every 7-12 days, applying 1-2 times of excellent protective fungicides.
3. Bagging: Organize the fruit clusters in time. Adjust the medication according to the local conditions and variety.
4. Fertilization and water: When the grapes are set (the size of grape seeds), 15-15-15 compound fertilizer can be applied, and water after fertilization and tillage.
5.注意事项: Apply a fungicide after each rain.
Time: July
Phenological period: Expansion and coloring period
Main technical measures: 1. Pinch and thin branches: Pinch the overly vigorous new shoots in time, thin out the dense branches, and properly bind the drooping fruiting branches.
2. Spray pesticides: Mainly control brown spot disease, downy mildew, white rot disease, etc. For areas with severe white rot disease, special attention should be paid to prevention and control.
3. Fertilization and water: Apply 15-10-20 compound fertilizer 100 jin plus potassium sulfate 50 jin during the peak period of fruit expansion, spray 10-15 jin of Bbang liquid fertilizer on the leaves once, 2-4 times. Pay attention to loosening the soil, maintaining moisture, and weeding.
4. Remove bags: For mid-early varieties, remove the bags 15-20 days in advance to color and harvest at the right time.
Notice: After removing the bags, spray the spikes to prevent fruit diseases.
Time: August
Phenological period: Coloring maturity
Main technical measures: 1. Spray pesticides: Mainly control diseases such as anthracnose, downy mildew, leaf spot disease, and green盲蝽.
The key period for controlling gray mold and sour rot, and also the most critical period for the entire grape control. For areas with severe anthracnose, apply a fungicide at the initial stage of coloring; for areas or varieties with severe gray mold, apply a fungicide targetedly; for areas or varieties with severe sour rot, take corresponding measures.
2. Remove old leaves: When the fruit of the colored varieties starts to color, remove the few old leaves under the spike to increase sunlight.
3. Reasonable water control: For varieties that are about to mature, reasonable water control should be applied, and spray Bbang nutritional fertilizer on the leaves.
4. Harvesting: Remove bags, enhance color, grade, and package before harvesting.
Time: September
Phenological period: Maturity
Main technical measures: 1. Remove bags and cover with film: After removing the bags before harvesting, lay reflective film on the ground to increase color and sugar content, and improve fruit quality.
2. Spray pesticides: Focus on protecting the leaves to promote coloring. Mainly control downy mildew, leaf spot disease, etc. Pay attention to the safety interval for pesticide application.
3. Prevent bird damage: Prevent bird damage to colored fruit, and use bird netting if conditions allow.
Time: October
Phenological period: Fruit harvesting period
Main technical measures: 1. Fertilization: After harvesting the fruit, organic compound fertilizer can be applied per mu.
2. Watering: Water in time after fertilization to promote nutrient accumulation.
3. Protect leaves: After harvesting the fruit, apply the right medicine for the disease to protect the leaves, prevent early defoliation, increase nutrient accumulation, promote stem maturation and root development, and reduce overwintering pathogen sources. Mainly use copper preparations.
Time: November
Phenological period: Dormant period
Main technical measures: 1. Pruning: Use different pruning methods for different trellis shapes and varieties of different ages.
2. Prepare seedling branches: Prepare good-quality branches for the next year's seedling raising during pruning.
3. Clean the orchard: Remove all withered branches and leaves from the orchard and burn them.
4. Anti-cold measures: After pruning, lower the vines, tie them up, and bury them with more than 15 centimeters of soil. For Hongdi grapes, it is better to add 5 centimeters more than Kyoho grapes, and the soil should be taken 70 centimeters away from the tree roots.
Time: December
Phenological period: Dormant period
Main technical measures: Summarize the experience and lessons learned throughout the year to make plans for increased production and prepare for various tasks.
The above-mentioned grape cultivation methods and the complete introduction of grape cultivation techniques and management are shared for everyone to learn and understand!