How to Plant Gastrodia
Today, our editor introduces how to plant Gastrodia and shares the complete process of Gastrodia planting, which is a green plant flower introduction, and is sure to bring you help. Let's learn about it together!
Gastrodia, commonly known as Red Arrow, Wind Stabilizing Grass, Immortal Foot, etc., is a perennial herbaceous parasitic plant in the Orchidaceae family. Since ancient times, it has been listed as a precious medicinal material, and it is also a good health product. Gastrodia is mainly used for dizziness, migraine, limb spasm, numbness of hands and feet, hemiplegia, infantile convulsion, etc. The medicinal part of Gastrodia is the underground tuber, and modern pharmaceutical analysis shows that its main components are gastrodin, vanillin, vanillic alcohol, glucopyranoside, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol succinic acid, β-sitosterol, daucusin, citric acid, methyl ester, palmitic acid, sucrose, etc. The traditional Gastrodia all come from wild Gastrodia, which has become extinct. In recent years, the export volume of Gastrodia has increased significantly, and a large amount of Gastrodia is used in domestic pharmaceuticals and health products, so the total output of Gastrodia is still less than 30% of the market demand, and the demand is large, the price has soared, and the cultivation profit of Gastrodia is considerable, and the prospect is broad!
Basic Conditions for Artificial Cultivation of Gastrodia
1. Temperature Temperature has the greatest impact on Gastrodia. The yield is directly related to temperature. The temperature at which the Gastrodia tuber starts to sprout is 10-15 degrees, but it grows very slowly. When the soil temperature reaches 20-25 degrees, the growth and development of Gastrodia is the fastest, which is also the most suitable temperature for the growth of Gastrodia (and Armillaria mellea). When the temperature exceeds 35 degrees, the growth of Gastrodia becomes difficult, and when the soil temperature is below 10 degrees, Gastrodia no longer grows and enters the dormant period.
2. Soil Gastrodia likes to grow in loose sandy soil. In areas without sand, humus soil, rice husks, sawdust, etc. can be added to the soil to increase soil permeability, or stones, coal cinders, etc. can be mixed in. The pH value of the soil should be between 5-7, preferably slightly acidic.
Nutritional Mode of Gastrodia
Gastrodia is a special heterotrophic plant. Its main source of nutrition is the decomposed nutrition provided by Armillaria mellea. It has the ability to digest Armillaria mellea. There is a layer of digestive layer in the cortical tissue of Gastrodia. After 30-40 days of dormancy, the digestive ability of the digestive layer increases. When the tender hyphae of Armillaria mellea enter the digestive cells of Gastrodia, the digestive cells secrete an enzyme that can turn the invaded hyphae into a partner that provides nutrition, and become the nutrition required for the growth of Gastrodia. The hyphae continue to extend in all directions, and Gastrodia also continuously obtains nutrition. Of course, the growth of hyphae consumes nutrients in the cultivation material. Therefore, the more and the more vigorous the Armillaria mellea, the faster the growth of Gastrodia. The key to the success or failure of artificial cultivation of Gastrodia is whether there is a large amount of Armillaria mellea during the growth period of Gastrodia.
Therefore, the cultivation of Gastrodia must first propagate Armillaria mellea. The formula for the preparation of Armillaria mellea mother strain is as follows:
Potatoes 200g, sugar 20g, agar 20g, water 1000ml, magnesium sulfate 3g, vitamin 2g. Weigh accurately according to the formula, peel and slice the potatoes and put them in 1000ml of water, boil over low heat for about 20 minutes, then filter, add water and heat again, first boil agar, sugar, magnesium sulfate, and vitamins until completely dissolved. Use a measuring cup to check if it is still 1000ml. If not enough, add boiling water. While it is hot, divide it into test tubes, each tube 12ml, 1000ml can be divided into 80-100 test tubes. When dividing, use a long funnel and do not let the culture medium stick to the mouth of the test tube to avoid wetting the cotton plug and contaminating miscellaneous bacteria. The cotton plug should be stuffed with ordinary cotton and stuffed into the test tube with moderate tightness. Then, bundle 10 test tubes into a small bundle with a leather sleeve, and bundle 5 small bundles into a large bundle. The cotton plug is wrapped with cowhide paper and put into a high-pressure pot for 1.5kg pressure sterilization for 40 minutes. Wait for the pressure gauge to return to zero before venting and opening the pot, take out the test tube and place it on the table obliquely. There are two kinds of oblique test tubes: the original mother strain test tube - the oblique surface of the oblique test tube should be 1/2 of the tube length. After cooling and solidification, take some test tubes and place them in a constant temperature box of 27-30 degrees for blank culture for 10 days. After observing sterility, it can be used in large quantities for isolation, seed production, or transfer to production mother strain. Inoculation should be carried out under strict aseptic conditions - you can use 629 edible fungus special disinfectant, aerosol disinfection box, electronic inoculator, etc. After inoculation, place it in a constant temperature box of 25 degrees for 15-20 days of culture. After the test tube is full, confirm that there is no miscellaneous bacteria, and it can be used for transferring the second-level original strain. The mother strain can also be cultured by the vertical tube agar method.
Formula for the Preparation of Armillaria mellea Secondary Strain
The secondary strain is essentially the expanded culture of the first-level mother strain. One mother strain can transfer 5 bottles of secondary strain, and one bottle of secondary strain can transfer about 20 bottles of three-level strain.
Secondary strain formula:
1. Sawdust 80 jin, corn cob 50 jin, bran 15 jin, cornmeal 10 jin, urea 0.5 jin, magnesium sulfate 0.4 jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 jin, gypsum 1 jin, calcium carbonate 1 jin, water content 75%.
2. Corn cob or cottonseed hull 80 jin, cornmeal 15 jin, urea 0.5 jin, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 jin, magnesium sulfate 0.4 jin, lime 1 jin, calcium carbonate 1 jin, water content 65%.
3. Branch secondary strain, fresh branches of various broad-leaved trees, requiring a diameter of 1-2 cm, cut into short sections of 6 cm long, filled into 750 ml canning bottles, filled to 8/10 of the bottle height, filled with nutrient solution, nutrient solution formula, water 100 jin, potatoes 5 jin cooked water, magnesium sulfate half a catty, dihydrogen phosphate half a catty, fill with water after adding, cover with acrylic plastic cover and leather sleeve.
4. Sawdust 100 jin, bran 10 jin, cornmeal 10 jin, branches 100 jin, cut into short sections of 6 cm long, sugar 1 jin, magnesium sulfate half a catty, dihydrogen phosphate half a catty, urea half a catty, gypsum 2 jin, calcium carbonate 1 jin. Water content 70%. Mix the above raw materials evenly, start to fill the bottle and bag.
Standard for bottle filling: each bottle can hold 2.5 liang of dry material, the weight of wet material after filling should be 1.3 jin, which proves that the filling amount and tightness are moderate. Make a hole in the middle of the material to facilitate the rapid growth of hyphae. After filling the bottle, wipe the bottle clean immediately, cover it with acrylic plastic, and wrap it with a leather sleeve for normal pressure sterilization at 100 degrees for more than 10 hours. After sterilization, when the bottle temperature drops to below 30 degrees, move it to the inoculation room. Before inoculation, strict disinfection must be carried out - using 629 disinfectant or aerosol disinfection box or electronic inoculator in combination. One production mother strain can transfer 5 bottles of secondary strain. After inoculation, place it in a constant temperature box of 25-27 degrees, or it can also be placed in a place where the temperature can be maintained at 25 degrees for culture. Check every 3-5 days, pick out those with poor growth and impurity in time. After about 35 days of culture, it can be full, after being full, it should be consolidated for another 5 days before transferring to the three-level strain or direct cultivation of Gastrodia.
Formula for the Preparation of Armillaria mellea Tertiary Strain: Sawdust, cottonseed hull, corn cob, leaves, etc. can be selected or mixed, accounting for 30%, non-oily branches accounting for 45%, cut into short sections of about 5 cm, bran 15%, soybean cake 6%, sugar 1%, magnesium sulfate 0.5%, Kemiaoling 0.2%, urea 0.5%, calcium carbonate 1%, gypsum 1%.
The method is the same as that of the secondary strain, cultured at 20-25 degrees for about 45 days to be full. Although both the secondary and tertiary strains can be used to cultivate mycelial material, the secondary strain has good quality and high purity, and the cultivated mycelial material has more and more vigorous hyphae.
Gastrodia Cultivation
1. Time: The cultivation period of Gastrodia is generally in its dormant period, which is from November to May of the next year in our region. The cultivation of Gastrodia is not restricted by geographical location, and can make full use of all kinds of idle land, slopes, forests, indoor and outdoor greenhouses, wooden boxes, bamboo baskets, air-raid shelters, basements, woven bags, flower pots, plastic bags, etc. The cultivation raw materials are also abundant: according to the sawdust, corn cob, branches, leaves, agricultural straw, wheat straw, etc., as long as the raw materials that can support the normal growth of Armillaria mellea can be used to cultivate Gastrodia.
2. Gastrodia Cultivation Methods: Asexual Reproduction, Sexual Reproduction
3. Glossary: A - Arrow Gastrodia, large Gastrodia produced by planting white Gastrodia in autumn, which can produce flowers in the first year and has obvious bud mouth. Generally speaking, it is the largest, yellow-brown or light yellow in color, also known as commercial Gastrodia, because in addition to being used for sexual breeding and seed retention, it is not high in cultivation and propagation rate after processing into commercial products. B - White Gastrodia, weighing several grams to more than one hundred grams, with a whitish growth point similar to a bud at the front end. White Gastrodia is divided into large white Gastrodia, medium white Gastrodia, and small white Gastrodia. White Gastrodia has strong propagation ability and can grow into commercial Gastrodia (that is, arrow Gastrodia) in half a year to one year. C - Rice Gastrodia, which is a small Gastrodia with a length of less than 3 cm and a weight of about 2 grams, and even smaller ones weigh only a few milligrams. Its propagation coefficient is the highest. D - Mother Gastrodia, that is, the white Gastrodia cultivated at the front end grows arrow Gastrodia, and the Gastrodia body becomes the mother body, so it is called mother Gastrodia. Generally speaking, mother Gastrodia has little medicinal value.
The latest technology of one-step cultivation of Gastrodia, why the one-step cultivation method of Gastrodia was invented, Gastrodia has been a traditional Chinese medicine since ancient times, and many rheumatism and headache diseases all take Gastrodia as the main formula. Modern research has found that Gastrodia has a good health effect. The most significant is that the extraction of certain components of Gastrodia can significantly improve the reaction speed and IQ of the human brain. Air pilots now take a large amount. (1) Therefore, the amount of Gastrodia used is increasing more and more. There is no problem with market sales. (2) After Gastrodia is harvested, you can also dig it out and plant it again. (3) It can also be sold as seeds. (4) Arrow Gastrodia, that is, large Gastrodia, is basically retained for hybrid breeding in the northeast. (5) Arrow Gastrodia can also be made into dried Gastrodia and sold as commercial Gastrodia. (6) The Yatai Edible Fungus Research Institute sells Gastrodia products all year round at home and abroad and recycles them all year round. You don't have to worry about the sales of Gastrodia. Why can Gastrodia develop, it is because of the above advantages. More importantly, it does not occupy cultivated land, and does not need daily management during farming time, and can be planted in large quantities in front of the house, behind the house, and indoors.
The original method of planting Gastrodia is asexual reproduction, and the number of generations exceeds 3 generations, and the yield and quality are significantly reduced. Therefore, in order to improve the yield of Gastrodia, it is necessary to carry out hybrid breeding of Gastrodia. The Yatai Edible Fungus Research Institute has completely solved the key technology of hybrid breeding of Gastrodia honey and Armillaria mellea, and the one-step cultivation method of Gastrodia.
Gastrodia Cultivation Time
The determination of Gastrodia planting time is based on the soil temperature of 5-10 degrees. (1) Indoor, greenhouse, cave, from November 10 to the latest by May 10 of the next year. (2) Field cultivation, the earliest on March 20 and the latest on May 20, the best time in April. (3) Preparation before field cultivation. Site selection, windward sunny slope or flat land, no large accumulation of water in summer. (4) Preparation before indoor greenhouse cultivation, the site is near the water source, not lower than -5 degrees in winter and not higher than 35 degrees in summer. (5) Raw material preparation, cut down trees one month in advance, suitable tree species have a variety of fruit tree branches, willow, locust, locust tree, oak, etc., Armillaria mellea has strong vitality and can grow on more than 600 kinds of trees. The diameter of the cut trees should be 3-6 cm and the length should be 30 cm, because Armillaria mellea grows on wood, and people are accustomed to calling it mycelial material. (6) Prepare fine river sand or wind sand, and some leaves can be prepared if conditions permit. (7) Field cultivation, dig pits requiring a depth of 50 cm, width of 1 meter, and length of 1 meter, which is commonly called a nest. The nest also has its advantages, which can prevent cross-infection. (8) Soaking, nutrient solution formula: 1. Water 100 jin, ammonium nitrate 1 jin, magnesium sulfate 1 jin, Lixin Fungus King 1 liang; Formula 2, water 100 jin, compound fertilizer 1 jin, urea half a catty, potassium dihydrogen phosphate half a catty, magnesium sulfate 1 jin, Lixin Fungus King 1 liang. Put the branches in the nutrient solution for one hour, take them out, and air-dry the surface moisture before use. If not soaked, you can also mix the fertilizer solution with sand to increase nutrition.
Cultivation, first pour enough water at the bottom of the pit, then lay an inch thick sand, place the wood sticks with a distance of 1 inch apart, put one white Gastrodia seed 10 cm away and one rice Gastrodia seed 5 cm away, and sprinkle smaller rice Gastrodia seeds. Then put a peach kernel-sized piece of Armillaria mellea block or a section of branch Armillaria mellea between the Gastrodia seeds, and cover them with an inch thick sand. If there are leaves, you can lay a layer of leaves. In this way, there are 4 layers of wood sticks and 3 layers of Gastrodia Armillaria mellea. Cover the surface with 20 cm thick soil, and the Gastrodia planting is complete. The key to the success of Gastrodia planting is the planting time and the pure Armillaria mellea one-step cultivation method. After Gastrodia is planted, no special management is required. In the year of severe drought, some water can be poured, and some drainage measures can be taken in the year of severe waterlogging. Under normal circumstances, it can be harvested at the end of October.
Indoor and Greenhouse One-step Cultivation Method of Gastrodia
Indoor Gastrodia cultivation is one of the main methods for the future large-scale, factory-style, and high-yield cultivation of Gastrodia. The advantage is that it is not affected by external climate. The growth time is 5 months longer than that in the wild, equivalent to 2 years of growth period in the wild. The yield can be increased by 50%. Indoor cultivation has no pests and diseases, and one person can manage 1000 square meters. It is not cold in winter and not