How to Plant Grapevines
Let's talk about how to plant grapevines and the introduction of green plants and flower cultivation techniques for grapevine planting and management. Let's take a look together.
Grapes are one of the most common and famous fruits originally from Western Asia, and they are one of the oldest tree species discovered. Grapes are not only edible but can also be made into raisins and wine. Moreover, their roots and vines can be used in medicine, having a calming effect on pregnant women to prevent morning sickness. Next, let's introduce the grape planting and management techniques.
1. Temperature
Grapes prefer warm conditions and will germinate when the temperature reaches 10 degrees Celsius, so they are usually planted in spring. The optimal temperature range for new shoot growth is 20-30 degrees Celsius, while during the fruit ripening period, the temperature should be maintained between 20-32 degrees Celsius. Low temperatures or insufficient accumulated temperature during the growing period can affect the sugar content of the fruit.
2. Light
Grapes enjoy sunlight, and adequate light can promote photosynthesis in the plants, ensuring their quality. It is necessary to maintain a daily light exposure of at least 14 hours, and not less than 12 hours, otherwise, it will be detrimental to flower bud differentiation and also affect fruit quality and the yield of the following year.
3. Water
Different growth stages of grapes have different water requirements; during the germination stage, humidity should reach 60%-80%; during the flowering stage, humidity should be around 50%, otherwise, it can lead to flower and fruit drop; during the fruit ripening stage, humidity should be controlled between 55%-70%. Excessive moisture can cause fruit rot and affect fruit quality. Also, drainage should be paid attention to during the rainy season.
4. Soil
Grapes do not have high soil requirements and are adaptable. Whether it's sandy soil, loam, or clay, grapes can grow. It is best to keep the soil pH between 6-7.5 and choose a sandy soil with higher elevation, good drainage, and loose texture for planting grapes.
5. Fertilization
Different growth stages have different fertilizer requirements, and the amount of fertilizer should be adjusted according to the fertility of the soil. In the early growth stage, the nitrogen content should be increased, in the middle stage, trace elements like calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, and manganese can be added, and in the fruiting stage, the content of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased, while the nitrogen content should be reduced.
6. Pruning
Pruning includes removing unnecessary buds, pinching off the growing tips, and determining the main shoots. Removing unnecessary buds should be done early, during the germination stage, to reduce nutrient loss. When the fruiting branches can be identified, prepare to determine the main shoots, which should be adjusted based on the growth of the variety. Before flowering, it is essential to pinch off the growing tips to minimize nutrient loss, improve fruit setting, and retain the appropriate number of inflorescences based on the yield ratio. Also, after harvesting the fruit, remove the old, weak, and diseased leaves to reduce nutrient loss, improve the lighting conditions of the plant, and promote fruiting the following year.
7. Bagging
Bagging should be done after the fruit has set. Choose the appropriate specialized paper bags, and before bagging, prune and remove diseased, weak, and malformed fruits, then spray with fungicides before securing the bags with wire. Prepare to remove the bags a month before the fruit ripens, first opening the paper bags and then removing them a week later.
8. Diseases
Anthracnose, white rot, and downy mildew are the main diseases of grapes. The principle of disease prevention and treatment is to detect and treat early. Observe the growth of grapes frequently, and when some plants are infected, take immediate action.剪除 and burn the infected branches and leaves as soon as these diseases are detected to prevent further infection, then spray the trees with effective fungicides like Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim, and improve the plant's growing environment by enhancing ventilation, drainage, and lighting conditions.
The comprehensive knowledge of how to plant grapevines and the techniques for grapevine planting and management provided above is hoped to be of help to you.