How to prevent and control the poplar longicorn beetle pest
Are you curious about the planting content of poplar trees in the floral clinic, how to prevent and control the poplar longicorn beetle pest? Let's take a look together.
There are many types of longicorn beetles that harm poplar trees, and due to the differences in natural and geographical conditions in different regions, the types of longicorn beetles that occur vary. Among them, those that harm the main trunk include Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora maculata, Batocera horsfieldi, Apomecyna longicollis, and Saperda populnea. Those that harm the branches include Saperda flava and Oberea ocellata. This plan focuses on the longicorn beetles that harm the main trunk, while other types of longicorn beetles can refer to this for execution.
I. Pest Monitoring
Pest monitoring is divided into general surveys and fixed monitoring, with ground monitoring as the main method.
(I) General Survey
1. Conduct the general survey twice a year, in the spring when overwintering insects start to become active (around April to May) and after defoliation in the fall before overwintering (around October to November), with the fall survey being the main one. The survey area includes both the affected areas and the adjacent non-affected areas.
2. In the affected areas, conduct a comprehensive survey along the small forest resource class distribution maps or agricultural forest network design routes by townships (towns). Clarify the distribution range, occurrence area, and degree of harm.
3. In the adjacent areas to the affected areas, conduct a comprehensive survey focusing on areas with a high possibility of longicorn beetle transmission, such as along major roads, scenic spots, and timber processing and sales distribution centers, as well as the nearby host forest stands. If suspicious symptoms such as withered tips, emergence holes, and boring holes are found, further detailed surveys should be conducted nearby, or experts should be consulted. If it is confirmed to be caused by longicorn beetles, immediate measures should be taken to control it and report to the superior forestry authorities.
(II) Fixed Monitoring
1. In the key control areas of the affected regions, set up one fixed monitoring point for every 0.5 million mu of host trees in the key control areas and one for every 1 million mu in the general control areas, with each monitoring point equipped with 3-5 fixed standard plots. Special personnel should be assigned for regular monitoring.
2. In the non-affected areas adjacent to the affected areas, set up fixed monitoring points in sections with a high possibility of longicorn beetle transmission, such as along major roads, scenic spots, and timber processing and sales distribution centers, with one fixed monitoring point for every 20,000 mu of host forest stands. Specific personnel should conduct regular monitoring. The investigation and monitoring of longicorn beetles should refer to the prediction and forecasting methods for Anoplophora maculata (newly released).
II. Quarantine Control
(I) The quarantine scope for longicorn beetles includes host logs (including lumber, timber), seedlings, and packaging materials with live organisms from the affected areas.
(II) In the affected areas, carry out quarantine at wood processing and sales points, train stations, timber storage yards, and seedling breeding bases. Detailed records of the pest status should be kept, and notices for pest control should be issued to ensure that the pest situation is controlled within a specified time limit. Based on the results of the origin quarantine, a comprehensive verification of the quantity of longicorn beetle host seedlings, logs, and products to be transported should be conducted, and严禁 any circulation of seedlings, logs, and products with live organisms.
(III) For seedlings, logs, and products of longicorn beetle host species to be transported to epidemic areas, a quarantine requirement system must be implemented. The opinion of the forest quarantine department in the receiving area should be sought in advance, and strict on-site quarantine inspections should be conducted according to the quarantine requirements of the receiving area. A plant quarantine certificate can only be issued if no live longicorn beetles are found, and the receiving area's forest quarantine department should be notified in a timely manner.
(IV) At major national road intersections, new quarantine checkpoints should be established or existing ones strengthened, with full-time quarantine personnel to strictly inspect logs, products, and seedlings of longicorn beetle host plants passing through. The transportation of longicorn beetle-infested wood and products that have not passed quarantine is strictly prohibited.
(V) After the longicorn beetle-infested wood is cleaned up, temporary seasonal or mobile checkpoints can be established as needed to strictly prohibit the transportation of pest wood that has not undergone pest control out of the affected areas.
The longicorn beetle quarantine operation method refers to the document "Notice on the Issuance of the Technical Operation Methods for 35 Forest Plant Quarantine Objects" issued by the State Forestry Administration on November 10, 2000 (No. 615 of Forest Construction in 2000) - Technical Operation Methods for Anoplophora maculata Quarantine.
III. Control Measures
According to the principle of "suited to local conditions, comprehensive management," the affected areas are divided into several types, with different strategies for different regions. Starting from the protection and improvement of the ecological environment, aiming for sustainable control, and following the principle of prevention first and simultaneous treatment of symptoms and root causes, the control measures are determined.
The basic idea for longicorn beetle control is: focusing on forest management measures, supplemented by chemical control, coordinating the use of manual, physical, and other measures to reduce the rate of damaged trees and the density of beetles, and gradually compressing the occurrence area and range.
The occurrence and harm of longicorn beetles are divided into three types. Control measures are determined for each type.
(I) Widespread and Commonly Distributed Areas: Refers to old affected areas, generally concentrated and contiguous damage. These areas include heavily damaged areas with many years of pest occurrence, lightly damaged areas, and areas with alternating heavy and light damage and no pest occurrence. In these areas, emphasis is placed on quarantine measures, especially origin quarantine. Control should start from the periphery of the affected area and gradually compress inward. Tailor measures to local conditions, implement comprehensive management, consolidate one area after treating it. For trees with high beetle density, old, and no rescue value, focus on renewal and transformation, with some supplemented by chemical control. After the pest wood is cleaned up, promptly plant resistant and immune tree species to transform the forest stand into a mixed forest with a reasonable structure. For young and middle-aged forests with low beetle density, focus on chemical control, supplemented by the cleaning of pest wood and manual physical measures. The central affected area adopts chemical control to reduce the beetle population density.
(II) New Incidence or Sporadic Occurrence Areas: These areas have a small occurrence scope, including isolated small-scale occurrence areas. The focus in these areas is on eliminating sources and protecting the area. Conduct clear-cutting or intensive sanitation cutting, eliminate one tree at a time, and destroy the pest source, then monitor the area as a key surveillance zone.
(III) Surveillance Zones: Refers to areas without longicorn beetle occurrence or areas that had sporadic occurrence but have been controlled. Especially areas adjacent to the affected areas are considered key surveillance zones. These areas focus on monitoring, ensuring timely detection and control.
IV. Determination of Control Measures
Control measures for Anoplophora glabripennis and Anoplophora maculata:
1. Chemical Control
For young and middle-aged forests with mild damage, chemical control is used.
(1) For concentrated and contiguous damage forests, depending on local conditions, ground normal or ultra-low volume spraying of Green Wei雷 150-250 times liquid can be used to kill adults. The main parts are the trunk and large lateral branches, keeping them slightly moist. This should be done before the peak of adult emergence (around the beginning of July), with a lasting effect of about 40 days. For trees that are too tall and difficult to spray, other methods can be used depending on the situation.
(2) For trees difficult to spray, about one week before the peak of adult emergence (around the beginning of July), tree trunk hole injection of 40% omethoate solution or 20% Kangfuduo and other pesticides can be used to control adults. The method is: drill oblique holes along the trunk at a height of 30 cm from the ground, reaching the xylem, and inject 0.3-0.9 ml/cm of the pesticide.
2. Biological Control
Actively carry out experiments such as using Dendroctonus valens, Sirex gigas, and other bacteria. In suitable areas or where woodpeckers are found, take measures to protect and attract woodpeckers by installing bird nests, setting up bait wood, or other methods to create a suitable living and nesting environment for woodpeckers. This is suitable for forest stands and some protective forests with low longicorn beetle density and less human disturbance.
3. Individual sites can use other auxiliary measures such as manually capturing adult longicorn beetles, manually hammering or smashing eggs, or inserting poison sticks, etc.
4. Forest Management Measures
(1) Cleaning Pest Wood
Timely clean up weak and over-mature trees with severe damage to reduce the pest source. The procedure for cleaning pest wood and pest control is as follows:
1) Conduct a detailed survey by technical personnel, mark the pest wood that needs to be cleaned, and organize a professional team to cut it down in winter or early spring.
2) After cutting, remove the branches and集中进行灭虫处理.
3) After pest control, if the mortality rate of the pest wood reaches 100%, issue a pest control qualification certificate, which is required for transportation.
Methods for pest wood treatment include:
Fumigation Treatment: Select a flat area, pile up the cut pest wood, and fumigate before the adult beetles emerge. Use plastic film or local conditions for fumigation until the mortality rate of the beetles reaches 100%. If not up to standard after inspection, fumigate again until qualified.
Processing Treatment: Send the pest wood to a wood processing plant, process it into 1 cm thick boards, or grind it into sawdust or thin slices to make particleboard, pulp, etc. Alternatively, bring the processing equipment to the forest site for on-site processing to reduce the possibility of transmission caused by the transportation of pest wood.
Burning: Burn pest wood (including branches) with no use value or in areas without suitable processing conditions.
It is required that pest control of the pest wood must be carried out before the adults emerge.
(2) Grafting resistant species such as Populus adenopoda on stumps
Grafting Populus adenopoda on stumps is one of the measures for forest stand renewal and transformation, which is more suitable for areas where it is difficult to restore the forest stand after pest wood removal. Attention should be paid to avoiding the creation of pure stands of Populus adenopoda. When grafting, keep a few stumps (3-5) every few trees to allow for natural regeneration or to plant other species.
The operation method is: after cutting the pest wood, promptly cover the stumps with soil in areas with wind and drought to retain moisture. Cut the scions in November or late March and store them in moist sand or using other methods at low temperature. Graft when the sap is flowing and the buds start to sprout. Graft 2-5 Populus adenopoda scions per tree, depending on the age, and apply mud to the grafting site and the top of the scions, cover with plastic, and finally apply soil.
(3) Trunk Cutting Renewal
In areas with good water conditions, for young and middle-aged forests with longicorn beetles concentrated in the upper part of the trunk, cut above 1.3-1.5 meters from the ground in winter and spring (November to March) to quickly regenerate the canopy and protect its protective function.
(4) Creating Mixed Forests with Multiple Tree Species
1) When planning new forest plantations, create mixed forests with multiple tree species. Include immune, resistant (target tree species), and a certain proportion of bait tree species. Among them, the resistant species are the target or main planting species, generally local species that are easily accepted by the people (such as Populus × jasonii, Populus hopeiensis, Populus adenopoda, etc.), accounting for about 45-50%. The immune species, which are barely affected by longicorn beetles (such as Ailanthus altissima, Fraxinus spp., Robinia spp., and coniferous trees), account for about 45-50%. The bait species are the poplar trees preferred by longicorn beetles (such as Populus nitida, Populus × cooperi, Populus simonii, Acer spp., etc.), accounting for about 0-10%. Areas can choose appropriate species based on local tree resources, and it is recommended to use as many native species as possible.
2) After some pest wood is cleaned, fill in the gaps and plant some resistant and immune species to gradually transform the forest stand into a mixed forest with a reasonable structure.
3) In areas with extremely harsh natural conditions where it is difficult to choose tree species, forest management measures should not be copied mechanically and should be determined based on local conditions.
The above sharing on how to prevent and control poplar longicorn beetle pests hopes to bring you a little help in your life!