How to grow grapes
As a popular cash crop, grapes are growing in a process that combines traditional agronomy with modern technology. Mastering scientific grape cultivation methods can not only improve fruit quality, but also significantly increase yield and efficiency. This article systematically analyzes the key points of full-cycle management from site selection to harvesting to help you build a high-yield and high-quality vineyard. Principle of adaptation between grape planting site selection and soil improvement terrain and climate. Ideal planting areas need to meet the indicators of average annual temperature of 8-18℃ and annual precipitation of 500-1200 mm. The optimal slope of 5-15 degrees is gentle slope on sunny slopes, ensuring ≥6 hours of direct light every day. Cold-resistant rootstocks are recommended in the northern region, and drainage system construction should be considered in the rainy areas in the south. The soil optimization plan needs to be mixed with 30% humus soil to improve sandy loam soil, and the viscous soil is mixed with coarse sand in a ratio of 1:1. Three months before planting, 3-5 tons of decomposed organic fertilizer were applied to each mu, combined with 50kg of calcium superphosphate to dig 60cm deep. The recommended ratio of peat: perlite: vermiculite =6:2:2 for potted substrate to ensure a balance of ventilation and water retention. The selection criteria for high-quality grape seedlings should select two-year seedlings with good healing joints, more than 3 main roots and developed lateral roots. The characteristics of high-quality seedlings include: full bud eyes (≥5 effective buds per plant), stem thickness of 0.8- 1.2 cm, and no nodule spots. It is recommended to purchase virus-free tissue culture seedlings, which can reduce the disease incidence by 30%. Technical specifications for grape planting scientific planting parameters fence cultivation row spacing is 2-2.5m× plant spacing is 1-1.5m, and trellis cultivation is 3m×2m. The planting depth should be kept at the same level as the ground, and the planting depth should be appropriately 3- 5 cm in the cold areas of the north. Pour thoroughly root-fixing water immediately after planting, and cover with black plastic film 7 days later to maintain moisture and control grass. Key points for comprehensive management of vineyards accurately control water and fertilizer to maintain soil moisture at 60% during germination and increase it to 70-80% during fruit expansion. Adopt the "three-fertilizer matching" strategy: base fertilizer (October), germination fertilizer (March), and fruit expansion fertilizer (June). During the full fruit period, each plant requires 200g of pure nitrogen, 150g of phosphorus and 300g of potassium per year. The systematic management of branches and vines adopts single-handedly two-arm shaping, and the spacing between new branches is 15-20cm. 8-12 functional leaves are retained during summer pruning, and the amount of buds retained during winter pruning is controlled at 15-20 per square meter of the shelf surface. Regular removal of tendrils saves 20% of nutrient consumption.
Through scientific site selection, standardized planting operations and meticulous daily management, grape growers can achieve the goal of three years of fruit bearing and five years of high yield. It is recommended to combine the Internet of Things monitoring system to regulate water, fertilizer and light parameters in real time to promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional viticulture to smart agriculture.