Method and Technology of Grape Cultivation
Grape cultivation, as a globally significant economic crop, combines ornamental value with economic benefits. Mastering scientific grape cultivation techniques can not only improve fruit quality but also achieve high and stable yields. This article will systematically analyze the key technologies of the entire grape cultivation process from site selection and garden establishment to daily management.
Basic Requirements for Establishing a Grape Garden
Environmental Site Selection Principles
Grapes thrive in sunny, well-drained, slightly acidic soil (pH 5.8-6.5). The site should avoid low-lying, waterlogged areas, ensuring annual sunlight hours >2000 and a day-night temperature difference >10℃ for better sugar accumulation.
Standardized Land Preparation Procedures
30 days before planting, deeply cultivate 40cm, applying 3-5 tons of decomposed manure per mu. Use north-south ridges, 30cm high and 80cm wide, with 50cm-wide furrows for effective prevention of root diseases.
Key Technologies of Grape Cultivation
Scientific Planting Standards
Plant in spring from March to May when the ground temperature is stable at 10℃. Use vigorous grafted seedlings with a row spacing of 2.5×1.8m. Planting holes should be 60cm in diameter and 50cm deep, spreading the roots before refilling with topsoil, watering thoroughly, and covering with plastic mulch to retain moisture.
Accurate Water and Fertilizer Management
Apply 15kg of nitrogen fertilizer per mu during the germination stage and add phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the flowering stage. Use a drip irrigation system during the fruit expansion stage, supplementing 20m³ of water every 7 days. Control water 20 days before harvest and apply 4 tons of organic fertilizer per mu after harvest to replenish tree nutrition.
Grape Tree Training and Pruning System
Summer Pruning Essentials
Pinch the tips when the new shoots reach 40cm, leaving 8-10 functional leaves per fruiting branch. Remove lateral shoots and tendrils promptly, thinning dense clusters to ensure 6-8 clusters per square meter of trellis.
Winter Pruning Standards
After defoliation, use the single trunk, double arm training method, leaving 8-12 buds on the main vine. Remove diseased and weak branches, maintaining a spacing of 20-25cm between fruiting branches. After pruning, apply a wound protectant promptly.
Through standardized garden establishment and meticulous management, combined with scientific pruning techniques, it is possible to achieve high-quality and high-yield goals of 2000-3000 kg of grapes per mu. It is recommended that growers establish a field management log and use IoT monitoring equipment to achieve precision cultivation management.