Summary of Greenhouse Grape Growing Methods
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Summary of Greenhouse Grape Growing Methods
Grapes are a very popular fruit in the market. They not only come in a variety of types but also have high nutritional value. They taste sweet and juicy, and many people enjoy eating them. Driven by overall demand, the area of grape cultivation in our country is expanding. However, due to the impact of the natural environment on grape cultivation, greenhouse grape growing techniques have been gradually promoted and applied, allowing for year-round planting and harvest, effectively extending planting profits. So, what are the key technical points that should be noted in greenhouse grape cultivation? Let's find out.
Material Selection and Greenhouse Construction
In the Yangtze River Valley, a plastic greenhouse with a north-south arching shape is used. Bamboo, precast concrete components, and steel pipes can be used as the framework. However, in the relatively colder north, the east-west-oriented slightly arched solar greenhouse with a back wall is commonly used. The columns are reinforced concrete, and the framework material is bamboo. The greenhouse film uses a PVC anti-drip film, which has a long service life, is resistant to aging, and has good light transmission and heat preservation properties.
Planting Precautions
Before planting, select suitable local varieties, then dig straight ditches and apply 5000 kg/667m2 of decomposed organic fertilizer mixed with 2% calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as a base fertilizer. One-year-old seedlings are planted in late November. Leave 2-3 buds at the base and cut off the upper stem. The spacing between plants on the south and north sides is 1 meter and 2 meters, respectively, with a total of 146 plants/667m2.
Irrigation and Fertilization
The entire garden is enclosed with film. After 95% of the flowers in the gardeners remove the plastic film for the first time to water the flowers, 20 days later for the second time, the first time before the berries soften.
Compound fertilizer is usually applied once during the bud stage, with a ratio of 666.7m2/250kg, with 50kg each of urea and diammonium phosphate. Foliar fertilizer is supplemented 2-3 times before flowering and combined with watering after flowering, applying 666.7m2/250kg of urea, and at the beginning of April when the berries start to soften, apply potassium sulfate once, with a dosage of 666.7m2/250kg. Also, continue to apply foliar fertilizer 2-3 times.
Pruning
In a favorable growing environment, use the spatial structure of the hedge to establish a reasonable trellis, guide the vines to grow around the trellis, which is conducive to the formation of the tree shape. If you want to make the branches thicker, you can also perform topping treatment. Moreover, pay attention to pruning. In winter, the main branches of grapes are coiled on the grape trellis, and it is best to leave 4-5 branches within 1 meter of each main branch. If you want to shorten the dormancy period of grapes, you can spray or brush 20% calcium cyanamide on the plants during pruning, which can make grapes germinate 7 days earlier, commonly known as "breaking dormancy."
Disease and Pest Control
The growing environment of greenhouse grapes is special, and generally, diseases and pests are relatively light. The main control targets are diseases such as young shoot rot, white rot, and brown spot. According to on-site management, spray 3-5be lime sulfur mixture before the bud stage, spray naproxen methyl ester twice before flowering, and alternate between Bordeaux mixture and ethyl aluminum phosphorus.
Of course, there are many points to note in planting, such as pruning, uncovering the film, ventilation, lighting, temperature control, etc. Of course, if you want to achieve high yields in greenhouse grapes, these key points must be implemented effectively.
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