How to Graft One-Year-Old Grapevines
This article introduces the relevant content about how to graft one-year-old grapevines, as follows:
How to Graft One-Year-Old Grapevines
Grapes are one of the most familiar fruits. Now there are many farmers growing grapes, and many of them choose to plant grapes by grafting. There are many methods for grafting grape seedlings. There are two methods for grafting one-year-old grapevine branches. Let's see how to graft one-year-old grapevine branches and how to manage the grafted grape seedlings.
Grafting Techniques for One-Year-Old Grapevine Branches
In the process of breeding and grafting, grape varieties such as Beida and Jufeng are used as rootstocks for cutting, and pure grape branches as scions. Leave buds on the scion, with the top 1.5 cm and the bottom 4-6 cm; the length of the rootstock cutting is 20-25 cm. If the thickness of the rootstock and scion is roughly the same, the tongue grafting method is usually used. If the rootstock is thicker than the scion, the cutting method is usually adopted.
1. Tongue Grafting Method: Trim the root into an oblique shape like a horse ear, about 3 cm long. First cut 1/3 downwards, 1.5-2.0 cm deep. Cut the rootstock in the same way, then join the two sides together. In tongue grafting, the rootstock and scion are tightly combined, and only simple binding is required after grafting.
2. Cutting Method: Cut the lower end of the scion on both sides into a wedge shape, with a slope length of 3-4 cm, cut the center of the rootstock segment downwards, then insert the scion into the cut of the stock, align with the cambium layer, and tie with plastic film or thread or rope.
After grafting, in order to promote rapid healing of the interface, it must be heated for healing. The heating method of this invention can be applied to electric heating. Generally, it can heal in 15-20 days, and new roots begin to form at the lower part of the cutting. To promote rooting of the rootstock cuttings, the base of the rootstock cuttings can be soaked in 50-100 mg/kg NAA for 12-24h, or soaked in 300 mg/kg NAA solution. After that, the roots are stimulated. The grafting time is generally about 25 days before the cutting in the open field, and after the rooting induction, the cutting can be carried out in the open field or greenhouse. Attention should be paid to the contact surface with the boundary surface during cutting, and the soil should be kept moist after cutting.
Management of Grafted Grape Seedlings
Green branch grafting is a unique propagation method of grapes, which is simple to operate and has a high survival rate. It is currently a commonly used method for seedling raising.
1. Grafting Time for Grape Seedlings: The best grafting time is when the green branches of the scion and rootstock reach a semi-lignified state, that is, slightly whitish after cutting. It is usually done in the field from mid-May to early July. Although grafting can survive after mid-July, the grafted branches may not age well under high temperatures in the later growth stage and are prone to freezing in winter. If green branch grafting is done in a greenhouse, the grafting time can be slightly delayed.
2. Preparation of Grape Scion: Collect scions from good grape mother plants, and should be fully fertilized and irrigated before germination to promote strong and tough development of the scion branches. The grape scion should select the green branches with full buds in the upper middle part of the new shoot. Use the scion as soon as it is picked. The leaves of the collected scions should be removed and a little petiole retained. The leaves should be wrapped in a damp towel to keep the scion fresh. For long-distance transportation, they can be stored and transported in a cooler with ice.
3. Preparation of Grape Rootstock: In spring, the rootstock seedlings are raised in the nursery. To make the rootstock strong, the rootstock can be pinched when it has 4-5 leaves.
4. Grafting Method for Grape Seedlings: The grafting of grape seedlings mostly adopts the split method. First, cut the scion, leaving 1-2 buds on the scion, and cut a斜坡 about 3 cm long on both sides of the lower part of the bud, 0.5-0.8 cm away from the bud. The slope is smooth and wedge-shaped, with one side slightly thin and the other slightly thick, which is conducive to a tight joint after insertion into the rootstock. After cutting the lower part of the scion, cut 2-2.5 cm from the top of the bud, put it in water or mouth, and insert it into the cut of the rootstock. When inserting, the thick side of the scion cut face is outward, and the thin side is inward, so that the scion and rootstock are closely combined. At the same time, pay attention to the arrangement of the cambium layers of the rootstock and scion, and slightly "expose" 1-2 mm to facilitate healing. After grafting, wrap a 1 cm wide plastic strip from the bottom of the rootstock node up to the top of the scion cut, then wrap the end of the plastic strip back to the bottom and tie a knot. To prevent water loss at the joint and sunburn of the young branches, the leaves growing near the joint can be used to wrap the joint.
Management of Grafted Grape Seedlings
Water the cuttings with clean water immediately after grafting to keep the soil moist. Check the survival rate after 7 days. If the grafted buds are fresh and green or the petioles fall off when the buds are touched, it indicates that the grafted buds have survived; if the grafted buds turn brown and the petioles are dry and not easy to fall off, it indicates that the grafting has not yet survived, and it should be repaired in time. After the plants survive, when the new shoots grow to 60-70 cm, the first pinching should be done, and the plastic strips tied on the interface should be removed in time, the plastic strips tied to the frame, to promote the healthy growth of the new shoots, and the later management is the same as that of general seedlings.
The above is the method of grafting one-year-old grape branches and the management of grafted grape seedlings. In the north, grape grafting can improve the cold resistance of the roots. In the south, grafting with wild grapes as the rootstock can resist humidity and waterlogging, effectively improving the survival rate of grapes. It is hoped that the above content can be helpful to grape growers.
Here is a comprehensive introduction to how to graft one-year-old grape branches, hoping to bring some knowledge about green plants to green plant enthusiasts.