Grape Annual Cultivation Plan
Today's experience sharing: knowledge about the green plant flowers aspect of the grape annual cultivation plan, detailed introduction is as follows.
Grape Annual Cultivation Plan
In recent years, the area of fruit tree planting in our country has been increasing, and the occurrence of grape berry moth has also become more serious. The grape gall midge mainly harms the new shoots and fruits of fruit trees such as pear, apple, peach, and cherry. The female adult lays a large number of eggs on the back of leaves, and the larvae lay eggs on the new shoots, increasing the difficulty of control. So what are the harm and occurrence patterns of grape berry moth? How to prevent and control?
Harm of Grape Berry Moth
Most of the damaged fruits are drilled into the calyx and stem depression. Early damaged fruits will have frass discharged outside the wormhole, while late-damaged fruits mostly have no frass. After the larvae enter the fruit, they can directly reach the core. In high humidity conditions, they often turn black, rot, and gradually swell around the hole, which is commonly known as "black ointment."
Young fruits of plums are easily shed when damaged, but as the fruits grow larger, they will not fall off. They mostly enter from the base of the upper petiole, move down to the xylem part, and the wormholes have frass, causing the damaged young branches to wither gradually, commonly known as "broken branches."
Occurrence Patterns of Grape Berry Moth
The mature larvae of grape berry moth overwinter under the bark of the trunk and the cut surface of the trunk in single-plant pear orchards, with 2 to 3 generations per year. The overwintering adults occur from late April to mid-June; the first generation of adults occurs from the end of June to the end of July; the second generation of adults occurs from early August to mid-September.
The first generation of eggs is mainly laid on the back of 3 to 7 leaves of the young branches. Most of the larvae are destroyed in May. The newly hatched larvae enter the young branches from the base of 2-3 leaves at the end of the young branch.
The second generation of eggs is mainly laid from June to early July, most of which are still laid on peach trees, a few on pear trees or apple trees. The larvae continue to harm the new shoots and start to harm peaches and early-maturing pear and apple varieties.
The third and fourth generation larvae mainly harm the fruits of pear, peach, and apple.
Adults usually lie on leaves, branches, and weeds during the day and start to move after dusk. They have a strong preference for sugary liquid, fruit juice, and black light. Adults lay eggs 1-3 days before laying, and the eggs are scattered. Each female can lay more than 50-100 eggs. In orchards where peaches and pears are interplanted, the first and second generations mainly damage peach branches, and after the third generation, they move to pear orchards.
Control Measures for Grape Black Spot Disease
1. Physical Control
(1) In spring, carefully scrape off the warped bark to eliminate overwintering larvae; in single-plant pear orchards, manually remove damaged fruits during the first and second generations of larvae.
(2) In peach-pear plantations, promptly clear damaged peach shoots to reduce the source of pests and diseases and reduce the later damage to pears.
(3) In early May, more than 95% of the plums are eaten by grapes. Before harvesting, promptly pick all the damaged plum fruits and destroy them in a centralized manner, which can effectively reduce the number of pests in the year.
(4) Black light traps.
(5) Induce and kill overwintering larvae on the main branches before overwintering (usually before mid-August in the northern fruit-growing areas).
(6) Avoid interplanting or dense planting with peaches and apricots when establishing orchards to prevent the transfer of small pears between hosts.
(7) Use sugar-acid solution (sugar: vinegar: Baijiu: water = 1:3:3:20) and a small amount of trap bugs to kill adult moths in the orchard. When the moths come, use the sugar-acid solution to trap and kill them.
(8) Hang frequency vibration insect-killing lamps from mid-March to mid-October, which can effectively trap and kill pests.
2. Chemical Control
Types of pesticides: brom**, cypermethrin, avermectin, insecticides, flufenacet, chlorantraniliprole (best effect), etc. Specific medication can be consulted with relevant experts.
The above is the harm, occurrence patterns, and control measures of the pear borer. The eggs of the pear borer are generally laid on the back of leaves, so when spraying, the spray nozzle should be facing upwards to kill the eggs on the back of the leaves. The larvae come out from the top of the new shoots, so the new shoots should be sprayed downwards with the nozzle to kill the larvae.
The above is the full content about the grape annual cultivation plan, hoping it is helpful to green plant enthusiasts!