Pest-free Greenhouse Pumpkin Cultivation Technology
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Pest-free Greenhouse Pumpkin Cultivation Technology
Pumpkin is an annual herbaceous vine dicotyledonous plant. It contains various nutrients and minerals, which can not only be used for food processing but also serves as an important raw material for pharmaceuticals. Cultivating pumpkins in a greenhouse can speed up maturity, improve quality, and increase economic benefits. The following is an introduction to the pest-free greenhouse pumpkin cultivation technology for farmers' reference: select pumpkin varieties with bright color, good taste, good quality, and suitable for local cultivation.
Seed Soaking
Firstly, soak the selected seeds in water at 50℃ for 15 minutes. Stir the water with an alcohol thermometer while pouring it into the hole to maintain the water temperature at about 50℃ for 15 minutes, then let the water temperature drop to 30℃ and soak the seeds for 1-2 hours. Wipe off the sticky liquid on the surface of the seeds, rinse and place them in a germination container, covered with a damp cloth.
Germination
Place the germination container with soaked seeds in an environment of 25℃ - 30℃ for germination. Maintain the moisture of the damp cloth, turn it over 3-4 times a day, and the seeds will germinate after 48 hours.
Pre-planting Preparation
In order to cultivate strong seedlings, the nutrient soil should meet the following conditions: fertile and loose, maintaining water and fertilizer, free of pests, diseases, and weed seeds. The proportion of nutrient soil is: 40% field soil, 40% decomposed manure, and 20% peat soil. Mix the three together, sieve, and then use.
The nutrient soil should be disinfected according to the ratio of 200ml of formalin and 25kg of water per 1000kg of seedbed soil, mixed and piled up. Then cover the soil with a plastic film for 2-3 days to kill bacteria. Remove the plastic film, and after 10-15 days, place the soil in the medicine pile to let the medication volatilize before putting it in the nutrient bowls.
Seedling Management
Place one pumpkin seed in each nutrient pot in advance, cover it with 1.5cm of disinfected nutrient soil, and then cover it with a plastic film to maintain a certain temperature and humidity.
Post-sowing and pre-emergence seedling management should focus on keeping the temperature and moisture, speeding up the germination process. When the soil in the nutrient pot is dry, water it with warm water around 25℃ in time to prevent seed decay. When more than 80% of the seedlings have emerged, prevent excessive growth. Seedling and young seedling management: After the seedlings have grown sufficiently, ensure adequate sunlight, control the daytime temperature at 20℃ - 25℃, and the night temperature at 15℃ - 18℃. The ground temperature should be between 20℃ and 40℃. To increase the root mass and cultivate strong seedlings, water the seedlings in time and make sure the bottom water is fully soaked.
Disease and Pest Control During the Seedling Stage
Measures to control damping-off disease: reasonable crop rotation, reasonable density planting, and timely removal of diseased plants. Combined with the application of biological fungicides. Pests include grubs, moles, aphids, etc.
Planting
First, maintain the soil temperature above 8℃ (about 5 days); second, grow 5 true leaves (about 35 days) to cultivate good seedlings; third, mulching with plastic film can advance the planting by 4-5 days.
There are two planting methods: one is without plastic film, and the other is with ridge planting, with a ridge spacing of 140cm and row spacing of 48cm; the second is with plastic film, which can adopt the planting method of one ridge with two empty ridges, i.e., ridge spacing of 210cm and row spacing of 32cm. This method fully utilizes the climbing characteristics of pumpkins to adjust the population structure, saving both plastic film and labor. Note the yield per mu is 1000 plants.
Field Management
During the vegetative growth period of pumpkins, attention should be paid to maintaining temperature and humidity, timely ventilation, and weeding. During the reproductive growth period, fertilize regularly: the first application should be combined with the extension of the vines after flowering and before covering the ridges. The second application is with a compound fertilizer high in phosphorus and potassium and organic fertilizer, applied when the fruit diameter is about 12cm. Timely pruning and pressing the vines: pruning mainly adopts single-vine pruning, leaving only one main vine per plant and removing all side vines. Pressing the vines is to press the vines on the second leaf node from the last node of the pumpkin. Due to the limitations of greenhouse ventilation conditions, manual pollination is required. Generally, the suitable time for pollination is from 5-9 am.
Control powdery mildew: This disease can occur throughout the growth period and can be controlled with 15% wettable powder of rust inhibitor at 2500 times or 30% DT suspension at 500 times. Control bacterial angular leaf spot: Spray 3 grams of streptomycin and 15 kilograms of water on the leaves. Pests are aphids and ladybugs. 25 grams of biological insecticide Suteling can be sprayed on 15 kilograms of water.
Harvesting
After the flowers wither, the pumpkin surface has a layer of white waxy material and many tiny tumor-like protuberances, which is a sign of full maturity of the pumpkin and should be harvested and marketed in a timely manner.
The above is the small experience of pest-free greenhouse pumpkin cultivation technology, hoping it can bring help to your life!