Chestnut南瓜 Cultivation and Management Techniques
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Chestnut南瓜 Cultivation and Management Techniques
Chestnut南瓜 is flat and round, with a single fruit weight of 1.2-1.5kg, tender and powdery flesh, sweet taste, good texture, and excellent quality. It has become popular in recent years. Main varieties include Shengjin, Huibishou, Jinli, Shouxing, and Lijing. After three years of cultivation experiments, the following cultivation techniques have been summarized.
Seeding and Seedling Raising
In mid-March, seedlings are raised in a greenhouse using nutrient pots. One seed is sown in each pot, and after sowing, cover with 0.5cm of soil. After watering, cover with plastic film to keep the seedlings warm until they sprout. The temperature should be controlled between 25-30°C. Prepare more than 600 seedlings for each 667m2 of production field, and control water one week before sowing to improve the seedlings' stress resistance.
Land Preparation and Fertilization
Field fertilization and land preparation before planting. Apply 2000kg of high-quality organic fertilizer and 50kg of compound fertilizer per 667m2. To increase soil temperature and prevent weeds, use high ridges with single-row planting, with ridges 3m wide and the central planting area covered with black plastic film.
Planting
In mid-April, when the seedlings have grown to 5 true leaves, plant them at a spacing of 45-60cm.
Pruning
Use the single vine pruning method, promptly clean the lateral branches, and arrange the branches and vines neatly to avoid overlapping. Reduce the planting density by half, and top the seedlings when they have 3 true leaves. If topping is too late, the germination of the grapevines will be delayed, and so will the harvest time. When the stems are about 20cm long, select two sturdy and consistent stems, and promptly remove the axillary buds below the fruit node (about 8 nodes). Arrange the branches and vines on the ridge reasonably. For example, when the first branch extends to the left side of the ridge, the second branch should extend to the right side, and so on. When the vines are about 60cm long, use straw and wheat straw as padding.
Top-dressing and Watering
Apply top-dressing twice during the whole growth period, the first time after the fruit is set, on both sides of the ridge. The second top-dressing is done at the top of the vines during the first fruit harvest period. Apply 3-4kg of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer per time, and water promptly after each top-dressing. The南瓜 has lush leaves and a high evaporation rate, requiring a large amount of water during the growing period. After sowing, water once a week to promote the growth of branches and leaves; after the fruit is set, water once. Thereafter, water appropriately based on weather conditions to ensure fruit development. After the fruit matures, control water appropriately to promote the accumulation of dry matter and improve南瓜 quality.
Fruit Setting and Adjustment
For single vine pruning, the first fruit node has about 15 fruits, and the second fruit node has about 20 fruits. The first fruit node is located at the 8-10th node, and the second fruit node is at the 15th node. Specific operations can be adjusted according to the plant's growth. Artificial pollination or hormone treatment can improve fruit setting rate and flexibly adjust the fruit node. Young fruits are easily damaged 10-15 days after setting. Do not move branches around young fruits at this time. Also, when fruits are directly placed on plastic film or the ground, the skin will turn yellow and easily cause diseases. Therefore, adding padding after fruit setting can avoid the above shortcomings, making the fruit surface color uniform and visually appealing.
Disease and Pest Control
The main diseases and pests of chestnut南瓜 include aphids, spider mites, leaf spot disease, and powdery mildew. Use 800-1000 times the concentration of dichlorvos emulsion and 1500-2000 times the concentration of abamectin to control aphids and spider mites; use 1000 times the concentration of carbendazim or methyl thiophanate to control leaf spot disease and powdery mildew, and pay attention to spraying on the back of the leaves.
Harvesting
About 40-45 days after fruit setting, when the flesh of the chestnut南瓜 is completely yellow and the seeds are full, it is time to harvest.
The above[] introduces the experience of chestnut南瓜 cultivation and management techniques, hoping that reading this article can bring you some help!