Raspberry plants can bear fruit after a few years of cultivation.
Today's experience sharing: The content about how long it takes for raspberry plants to bear fruit, and the techniques and management of raspberry cultivation in the aspect of green plants and flowers will surely be helpful to you. Let's learn about it together!
Raspberry, also known as Rubus chingii, is a functional plant that can be used both as fruit and medicine. The fruit is a berry, tender and juicy, sweet and sour, rich in nutrients, unique in flavor, pleasant in color, and contains various nutrients that can be easily absorbed by the human body and are essential for the body. The vitamin C content is 5 times that of apples, and the content of amino acids, iron, zinc, and phosphorus is higher than that of apples and grapes. The sugar content is similar to that of apples, pears, and oranges. It contains higher amounts of vitamin E, SOD (superoxide dismutase), and amino butyric acid, anti-aging substances than existing cultivated fruits and any other wild fruits. It is particularly rich in ellagic acid, an anti-cancer substance. Each gram of fruit contains 0.5 to 2.2 milligrams of salicylic acid, which has the functions of quenching thirst, expectorating phlegm, promoting sweating, and activating blood. Here is an introduction to its high-benefit cultivation techniques.
1. Site selection and preparation
It is suitable to choose a sunny and wind-protected area with convenient irrigation and drainage. The soil should be rich in humus, preferably slightly acidic. Before planting, the land should be plowed thoroughly, ample base fertilizer applied, with 2,500 kilograms of decomposed manure and 30 kilograms of compound fertilizer per mu (1 mu = 667 square meters, the same below), rake the soil flat and raise ridges, with ridge width of 0.8 to 1.0 meters, height of 0.2 to 0.4 meters, and trench width of 1 meter. Plant about 400 plants per mu.
2. Tillage and weeding
Till and weed 3 to 5 times a year, shallow near the roots and slightly deeper (6 to 10 cm) away from the roots when tilling, and be careful not to damage the roots. When the branches are dense in the later stage, it is necessary to thin the flowers and remove weeds in time. After irrigation and rain, always loosen the soil, and stop tillage by the end of summer and early autumn to promote the maturation of branches and increase cold resistance during the winter.
3. Water and fertilizer management
Avoid waterlogging during planting, and irrigate during dry seasons using methods such as sprinkler or furrow irrigation. According to the fertilizer requirement规律 of raspberries in East China, young plants absorb more nitrogen fertilizer from February to June, peaking in May, and then slowing down; phosphorus fertilizer absorption is higher from March to May and decreases after fruit harvest. It is recommended to apply 1 base fertilizer and 3 topdressings every year. Base fertilizer is applied after defoliation in autumn, with 300 kilograms of decomposed organic fertilizer and 50 to 75 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu. Dig a fertilizer trench about 15 cm deep on one side of the plant and spread the fertilizer in the trench; alternate every other year. The first topdressing is combined with the reviving water before spring germination, applying 10 kilograms of urea and 5 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate per mu. The second topdressing is a week before flowering, applying 10 kilograms of potassium sulfate per mu. The third is after fruit setting, applying 10 kilograms of urea per mu, 20 cm away from the trunk, in the root distribution area. Tests have shown that spraying 0.1% borax 10 days before flowering can significantly increase the fruit setting rate and individual fruit weight.
4. Support and tying
Raspberry branches are soft and often bend down to the ground due to the weight of the fruit, causing the fruit to become contaminated; at the same time, the drooping branches block each other, causing poor ventilation and light, inconvenience in management, and affecting yield and quality. Therefore,支架 should be established to tie the branches to the支柱, improving their ventilation and light conditions. From the perspective of economic benefits and operational management, using the支柱 tying method saves time and money and is more feasible. The specific practice is to set up a支柱 between the plants and tie the branches directly to the支柱.
5. Shaping and pruning
In spring, shape and prune in time, reasonably prune the withered branches of the previous year, and clean up the overly dense branches; in summer, handle and prune the main branches. After the fruit is harvested, remove all the fruiting branches to make the branches stronger.
6. Disease and pest control
Raspberry has strong disease resistance and is less affected by pests and diseases. The main diseases include stem rot and powdery mildew, which can be controlled by spraying biological fungicides such as polyoxymycin, agricultural streptomycin, and thiabendazole 500 times solution. The main pests include willow catkins moth, leaf-rolling moths, perforating moths, and longicorn beetles, which can be controlled by spraying biological insecticides such as abamectin. In new sites, there are even fewer pests and diseases. As long as management is strengthened in autumn and withered branches are promptly collected and disposed of, the pathogen can be effectively controlled to prevent and control diseases and pests.
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