It takes a few years for kiwi fruit trees to bear fruit. Kiwi fruit planting techniques and management.

How many years does it take for kiwi to bear fruitDo you want to know how many years it takes for kiwi to bear fruit and the related experience of kiwi cultivation techniques and management in flower planting? The specific contents are as follows:Kiwi has a soft texture, sweet and sour taste, and is rich in nutrients. It not only contains organic substances such as actinidine, proteinase, pectin, trace elements such as calcium, potassium, and zinc, and 17 amino acids required by the human body, but also contains vitamins C, tartaric acid, malic acid and other minerals, known as the "king of fruits". In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for kiwi has been increasing, and the price is high. Liupanshui City is located in the abdominal area of the Yungui Plateau, which is the watershed of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. It has a warm climate, fresh air, and abundant sunlight, making it the only city in China named after the climate. The temperature difference between day and night here is significant, with low latitude and high altitude, creating a climatic environment suitable for kiwi growth, and is known as the "hometown of wild kiwi in China".1 Kiwi cultivation technique points1.1 Site selectionWhen selecting a site, full consideration must be given to factors such as sunlight, water, and soil organic matter. Kiwi has high requirements for the growth environment, is suitable for planting in warm and humid climates, mainly in subtropical and temperate humid and semi-humid climates, mainly distributed between 18° and 34° north latitude, with an average annual temperature of 11-17°C and a frost-free period of 160-270 days. Liupanshui City is located in the Wumeng Mountains in the western part of Guizhou Province, with complex terrain mainly composed of mountains, hills, basins, plateaus, and terraces. The terrain undulates significantly and belongs to the subtropical monsoon climate. Affected by the terrain, it is cool in summer and warm in winter, with an average annual temperature of 13-14°C and a frost-free period of 200-300 days. The warm and humid environment has created favorable conditions for kiwi growth. Kiwi requires more water, belongs to fruit trees with weak physiological drought resistance and weak moisture resistance, and has high requirements for planting soil and air humidity, making it suitable for cultivation in areas with high rainfall and high air humidity. China's kiwi is mainly planted in environments with 800-2,200 mm of precipitation and 74.3%-85% air humidity. Liupanshui City has a precipitation of 1,200-1,500 mm, high altitude, and frequent fog in mountainous areas, with high air humidity, creating favorable conditions for kiwi growth. Kiwi prefers sunlight but is sensitive to sunlight radiation, liking diffused light and not direct strong sunlight. The natural light intensity is generally controlled at around 42%-45%. It is suitable for planting in sunny areas with 1,300-2,600 hours of sunlight, deep and well-drained soil, high organic matter content, and slightly acidic sandy soil. If the soil is strongly acidic or alkaline, the soil needs to be treated, and it should be planted in an environment with a pH of 5.5-6.5. Kiwi requires a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, manganese, and other mineral elements during growth. The soil composition needs to be measured before planting, and a certain amount of green manure should be applied. Liupanshui City has complex terrain and many mountains and hills. When selecting a site, the altitude of kiwi planting should be controlled at 1,000-1,600 m. In addition, kiwi has weak wind resistance and is prone to breaking tender branches, crushing leaves, bruising or dropping fruit, affecting kiwi yield and quality. Therefore, it is best to avoid areas with strong winds and high altitudes and plant on the leeward slopes.1.2 Seed selectionKiwi seed selection is directly related to the yield and quality of kiwi. When planting, local kiwi varieties should be chosen as much as possible. Local kiwi varieties have good adaptability and resistance and can better adapt to the local climate environment, reducing the probability of diseases and pests. Liupanshui City's red-hearted kiwi is a large fruit variety with uniform and beautiful fruit shape, and the fruit inside is jade green when mature, with a red cross-section and red stripes radiating from the core, making it visually appealing. It obtained the national geographical indication agricultural product in 2012, and in 2020, Liupanshui City Shuicheng District kiwi base was selected as the "National Torch Industry Base" and "Chinese Characteristic Agricultural Product Advantage Area". When selecting seeds, choose one main planting variety and another variety for planting in combination with local conditions.1.3 Seedling breedingKiwi seeds are propagated through methods such as grafting, cutting, or layering for large-scale seedling production. Every year during the kiwi成熟 season, select kiwi with correct fruit shape, uniform size, and bright color. After the fruit flesh matures and softens, crush the fruit flesh, wrap it in gauze, squeeze the flesh into the gauze, separate the seeds from the flesh, and then wash the seeds repeatedly with water until the flesh is cleaned. After washing, dry the seeds. Soak the seeds in 40-50°C warm water for 2-3 hours, then soak them in cold water for 12 hours. When the soil temperature reaches 0-5°C, bury the seeds in moist river sand for 50-60 days. In the second year, when spring warms up, choose sandy soil for land preparation and fertilization, and broadcast kiwi seeds in a strip播种 manner on the seedbed. Before播种, prepare the seedbed, apply decomposed organic fertilizer to the soil, control the seedbed width to 1 meter, crush and slightly press the soil, and water it. After播种, cover the seed surface with a layer of sand, with a thickness of 1-2 cm. A greenhouse 2-5 meters high can be built on the seedbed, with bamboo or steel frame structures, double弦 toothed bars fixed on the roof, covered with plastic film to store heat, insulate, and moisturize, and straw curtains can be laid on the roof for timely ventilation and gas dispersion. When the seedlings have 2-3 true leaves, start thinning, removing weak, diseased, and small seedlings, with a thinning distance of 2-3 cm. When the seedlings have 5 true leaves, start transplanting and setting.1.4 PlantingBefore planting, dig trenches according to the actual conditions of the orchard. For mountainous areas, dig terraces along contour lines, with the trench lines facing inward and the width of the terraces being 3-3.5 meters. For flat land, dig trenches according to the row spacing, generally 0.8-1 meter wide and 0.6-0.8 meter deep. When digging trenches, separate the surface soil and bottom soil and stack them separately. Fill the bottom of the trench with 2-3 layers of green grass, with a grass amount of 37,500 kg/hm2. If the planting area has red soil, add lime to improve the soil pH. Cover the green grass with surface soil and fill the surface soil with organic fertilizer, with a fertilizer amount of 7,500 kg/hm2. Thoroughly mix the fertilizer and surrounding soil, then cover with surface soil. Kiwi is a woody vine plant, and the planting density should not be too high. Set the planting row spacing to 30-50 cm and the plant spacing to 10-15 cm. When planting, choose strong seedlings for transplanting, dig a hole 0.3-0.4 m2 in the orchard, place the seedlings in the hole, fully stretch the roots, bury the roots in the middle of the soil, lift the seedlings twice to fully stretch the roots, then fill and compact, and water thoroughly on the surface. Kiwi is a large deciduous woody vine plant with separate male and female flowers, and it needs cross-pollination to bloom and bear fruit. When planting, a certain number of male plants should be configured for kiwi, with the male plant flowering period 3-7 days earlier than the main cultivated variety, choose varieties with a large amount of pollen and long flowering period, and the male and female configuration ratio is 5:1 or 6:1. The planting density of kiwi trees needs to be determined in combination with the cultivation支架, with common支架 types including T-type, flat-top棚架, and篱架. The篱架 length is 2.5-3 meters, the diameter is 0.12-0.15 cm, the ground net height is 1.8-2 meters, and the支架 density is 2 m×4 m; the T-type架 is a horizontal beam set directly on the upright支柱, forming a T-shaped支架, with a length of 2.8-3 meters, a crossbeam length of 1.2-1.5 meters, and 3 rust-proof iron wires set on the crossbeam, with an in-soil depth of 0.8 meters and a ground net height of 2 meters, and a planting density of 3 m×4 m; the flat-top棚架 is set at every 5-6 meters, with a支架 height of 1.8-2 meters and an in-soil depth of 0.8 meters; the支架 is square, with the pillars around the棚架 connected with steel, and the pillars connected with wire to form a棚, with a planting density of 3 m×5 m.1.5 Grafting seedlingsGrafting is a key step in kiwi cultivation, directly affecting the yield and quality of kiwi. Choose the single-bud cut grafting method, select sturdy scions with small pith, cut off a branch segment with a bud, 3-4 cm long, cut off the surface at a straight position, with a cutting depth of 2-3 cm, and cut a 50-degree斜削 face on the reverse side of the cutting face. Cut the stock smoothly at a position 10-15 cm from the ground, with a cutting length greater than 3 cm and a depth of 2-3 cm, then cut 2/3 of the stock skin, insert the scion, and wrap it with plastic film until the scion bud grows, then loosen the plastic film. After the grafting is successful, cut the stock at the cutting position.1.6 Inter-row managementKiwi is sensitive to water and fertilizer. If nutrients are lacking, kiwi will show symptoms such as yellow leaves, small leaves, and stopping growth. During planting, it is necessary to top-dress kiwi in a timely manner to meet the nutrient needs of the fruit trees. When the seedlings grow to 50 cm, top-dress once with 60-75 kg/hm2 urea and 135-150 kg/hm2 superphosphate. Seedling fertilization should adhere to the principle of small and frequent applications to avoid burning the roots. Before the seedlings germinate, top-dress once with 90-150 kg/hm2 urea. During the flowering period and early fruiting period, top-dress once with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2% urea solution. During the fruit expansion period, there is a high demand for fertilizer, and 60-75 kg/hm2 compound fertilizer and 90-150 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer should be applied.In the later stage of fruit growth, apply potassium fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer, with a potassium fertilizer amount of 90-120 kg/hm2 and a phosphorus fertilizer amount of 75-105 kg/hm2. Kiwi is a broad-leaved fruit tree, loving water but fearing waterlogging, with shallow root distribution. It is necessary to maintain air and soil moisture during growth. After each fertilization, water promptly. In summer, due to strong transpiration, more water is needed and should be watered more. During the autumn rainy season, it is necessary to open ditches for drainage. In the summer, when kiwi grows vigorously, it is necessary to cultivate the soil and remove weeds in a timely manner to loosen the soil and maintain the kiwi tree's moisture and drought resistance. In winter, planters need to cut off the僵 fruit, diseased branches, and worm branches in the orchard and burn them in a centralized manner to reduce the probability of disease and pest infection in the second year. Then, turn the empty land in the orchard to kill overwintering pests.1.7 Tree shaping and pruningWhen the fruit trees grow tall, it is necessary to prune the tree shape appropriately to promote tree growth. According to the kiwi支架, choose different shaping methods. For篱架-type fruit trees, mainly reduce the main vines and prune into a fan-shaped tree; for T-type架, mainly use light pruning to promote flowering and fruiting. After planting, the main stem, main vine, and long branches growing from the stock, except for the reserved preparation branches, should be pruned off. In the summer, when the young trees grow vigorously, it is necessary to control the growth momentum to avoid growing too many new shoots, affecting the growth of the main stem. During the flowering period, it is necessary to uniformly remove 2-3 leaves from the top of the fruiting branches. For mature kiwi trees, the suckers should be pinched off 3-4 leaves in advance, and pinched off at the 15th leaf of the spring shoot. Pruning mainly removes weak branches, crossed branches, diseased branches, dense branches, suckers, and branches with no use value, promoting the growth and development of strong branches and main branches.2 Kiwi disease and pest controlDisease and pest control is a key aspect of kiwi cultivation management, directly affecting kiwi quality. The main diseases and pests of kiwi include gray mold, blossom blight, leaf spot, golden turtle beetle, and scale insects. According to different diseases and pests, choose different control methods, including physical control, biological control, and chemical control. The golden turtle beetle eats kiwi tender shoots and can be controlled using frequency vibration insecticidal lamps, taking advantage of the phototaxis of pests for trapping and killing. Scale insects are one of the main pests in the orchard, with small bodies, fast reproduction, and difficult control. Biological control can be used, releasing predators such as Australian lady beetles, aphid lions, and parasitic wasps in the orchard to achieve pest control. Gray mold and blossom blight can be controlled using chemical measures, selecting low-toxic, high-efficiency chemical agents. A 3-5 degree Bordeaux mixture can control blossom blight, and an 800-fold liquid of zinc omethoate can control gray mold. These chemical agents are fast-acting and can eliminate diseases and pests.Kiwi has very high nutritional value and is a treasure among fruits. During cultivation, it is necessary to combine local natural and climatic environments, choose suitable kiwi varieties, strengthen orchard management, water and fertilize in a timely manner to meet the nutrient needs of the fruit trees, promote tree growth, reduce the probability of diseases and pests, improve kiwi quality, and achieve agricultural efficiency and increased farmers' income.The above-sharing of how many years it takes for kiwi to bear fruit and the specific introduction of kiwi cultivation techniques and management are for reference by netizens.