How to plant peach trees
Today's editor will explain how to plant peach trees and the knowledge about the planting and management techniques of peach trees, including the aspects of flowering and grass care. Let's learn about it together next.
Peach trees are light-loving species with strong branching ability and rapid growth. If not managed properly, they tend to grow too much, affecting light, causing dry branches and hollow trunks, resulting in the outward movement of fruits, early decline of tree vigor, reduced yield, and quality. Below are six key technical points for planting peach trees:
1. For grafting propagation of peach trees, use the wild peach as the rootstock, and the grafting methods should be bud grafting or cut grafting.
2. Planting peach trees is more suitable in winter and spring, but autumn is also acceptable. The density is 4×3 meters on flat land and 3.5×2.5 meters on mountainous land. When the trees become too dense in adulthood, they should be gradually thinned. The planting hole should be 80×100 centimeters wide and about 50 centimeters deep.
3. Pruning peach trees is very important. Winter pruning includes natural open heart shape, two main branch open heart shape, and diagonal palm leaf fan shape, while summer pruning mainly focuses on pinching the tips to control excessive growth.
4. Some peach trees with less pollen have poor self-pollination and require other varieties of peach trees to be planted as pollinators. Planting two or more varieties together can cross-pollinate and improve fruit setting rate.
5. Fertilization: Use soil fertilizers mainly, with appropriate application of fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and a small amount of trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and iron. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, and top dressing should be done before flowering, during fruit expansion, and after fruit harvesting.
6. Prevention and control of diseases and pests:
(1) Peach brown rot: Mainly affects fruits. Initially, brown circular spots appear on the fruit surface, then spread to the entire fruit, causing the flesh to turn brown and rot. Control methods: Remove the overwintering pathogen sources, control the spreaders such as the rhinoceros beetle and peach borer, and spray 4-5 degrees of lime sulfur during the germination period, or use bactericides like zinc omadine and thiabendazole.
(2) Peach anthracnose: Mainly affects fruits. The disease is more serious in humid and rainy conditions, with May being the peak period. Young fruits affected become僵 peaches. After the fruit expands, the water-soaked spots turn into circular, red-brown, sunken spots. Control methods: Remove overwintering sources, spray 4-5 degrees of lime sulfur and thiabendazole in early spring, and use bactericides like carbendazim, validamycin, and thiabendazole.
(3) Peach leaf curl: The overwintering pathogen invades when the peach tree germinates and the leaves are wrinkled and twisted, becoming red-brown. The control methods are basically the same as the above two diseases.
(4) Peach bacterial spot: The overwintering pathogen spreads through wind, rain, and insects from April to May. The leaves initially have water-soaked small spots, which then expand into red-brown spots, causing穿孔 and defoliation. Later, it affects the fruits. The control methods are basically the same as the above three diseases.
(5) Bacterial crown gall: Apples, peaches, plums, apricots, cherries, and grapes are all susceptible. The pathogen survives in the soil and spreads through water, soil, and insects, entering through wounds. Affected seedlings show hindered growth, slow growth, and shortened lifespan. Control methods: Choose disease-free nurseries, prevent heavy infections, cut off root tumors, apply lime sulfur and Bordeaux mixture to protect the wounds, and soak the seedling roots in bactericides for 10 minutes before planting.
(6) Peach tree canker, also known as gummosis: The overwintering bacteria spread through wind and insects in April and May, causing gummosis from the size of a grain of rice to the entire trunk, eventually leading to the death of the tree. Control methods can include bactericides, alkaline water, gentian violet, 402, 843康复剂, and potassium permanganate.
This article shares the specific introduction of how to plant peach trees and the key points of peach tree planting and management techniques for netizens to refer to and learn from.