How to Cultivate Grapevines
The editor answers for netizens on how to cultivate grapevines and the related experience of open-field grape planting techniques and management, details are as follows:
Grape cultivation is adaptable, early bearing, stable and high-yielding, easy to master, and is a perennial fruit tree with low investment, quick results, and high benefits. Therefore, in the production and cultivation management, the following key technical links should be mastered:
1. Prepare the Vineyard
Select sandy loam and light clay loam soil for vineyard establishment, with convenient transportation and irrigation conditions. Dig planting trenches, preferably in a north-south direction, with a depth and width of 0.8-1 meter, separate the topsoil and subsoil, mix the topsoil with soil manure and fertilizers and fill in the bottom layer, then fill the soil, water thoroughly, and after the water has渗透 and dried, cover the soil again.
2. Variety Selection
Choose grape varieties that are not highly dependent on direct sunlight, have good coloration under scattered light, moderate growth, large clusters, bisexual flowers, high yield, good quality, and fresh color. If you plan to have early and delayed cultivation, with two harvests in one year, you should also choose varieties with multiple fruiting abilities. Currently, high-quality early to mid-season varieties are mainly used, such as Jingya, Xiangji, Zhana, 87·1 series, seedless white chicken heart, Jingxiu, Jingyu, etc.
3. Timely Planting
Generally, the best time for planting is during the spring sprouting period. First, dig planting holes in the center line of the planting trench, 0.4 meters deep and wide, apply a small amount of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers at the bottom of the hole and mix them with the soil. After placing the seedlings, start filling the soil, slightly lifting the seedlings while filling, then tread firmly, water thoroughly, and cover the soil heap well.
How to Cultivate Grapevines
4. Common Training Systems
Single espalier training system, with the trellis surface vertical to the ground, a支柱 every 5-6 meters along the row direction, trellis height of 1.5-2.0 meters, with a horizontal wire (usually 8# or 10# wire) every 40-50 centimeters on the支柱. Generally, four wires are pulled for binding the support, which is suitable for mechanized cultivation. Due to good ventilation and light transmission, it is easy to obtain high-quality fruit. It is mostly used in dry areas and for varieties with weak growth. Small pergola: usually about 6 meters long, with the pergola surface parallel to the ground, forming a canopy, suitable for areas that need to be buried in winter and in courtyards.
5. Reasonable Dense Planting
Explained by taking the single-arm espalier multi-vine fan training as an example, with a spacing of 1*2 meters, density of 333 plants per mu.
6. Shaping Management
After the seedlings sprout, select two strong-growing suckers and train them into two main vines through repeated pinching and lateral shoot treatment. In the winter pruning, the main vines are cut to a length of 60-70 cm, for weak main vines, cut to 2-3 buds, for strong tree vigor, one reserve branch and two fruiting branches can be left. In the second year, the two main vines are horizontally tied to the first wire of the trellis, opposite directions, after spring sprouting, keep 3-4 new suckers, remove the rest, when the new suckers reach a certain length, tie them to the second wire, fruiting branches are pinched above the inflorescence, leaving 6-7 leaves, the next year they are trained into fruiting branches, after the top is pinched, the lateral shoots at the top are left with two leaves for repeated pinching, the rest of the lateral shoots are pinched with one leaf. In the third year, the method of training main vines and fruiting branches is similar to the second year, for strong-growing suckers, the branches can be curved and tied down, lowering the top, thus completing the basic tree shape.
7. Pruning
7.1 Winter Pruning
It is usually done from after defoliation to before the occurrence of injury flow the following year. The pruning length depends on the growth vigor of the fruiting branches, implementing long, medium, and short shoot pruning. For extension branches, long shoot pruning is done, generally leaving more than 8 buds, for fruiting branches, medium shoot pruning is done, leaving 4-7 buds, for renewal branches, short shoot pruning is done, usually leaving 3 buds or less. When cutting, the cut should be made at the internode above the bud on the剪口.