How to Cultivate Grapes
The editor will tell you about how to cultivate grapes and some knowledge about the management techniques of grape planting, including the ins and outs of growing plants. This information will definitely be helpful to you, so let's learn together!
Grapes are one of the most common and famous fruits, originally from Western Asia, and are among the oldest tree species discovered. Grapes are not only edible but can also be made into raisins or wine. Moreover, their roots and vines can be used in medicine, providing a calming effect for pregnant women. Next, let's introduce some grape planting management techniques.
1. Temperature
Grapes thrive in warm conditions. When the temperature reaches 10 degrees Celsius, they start to bud, so they are usually planted in spring. The ideal temperature range for the growth of new shoots is between 20-30 degrees Celsius; during the fruit ripening period, the temperature should be maintained between 20-32 degrees Celsius. When the temperature is low or the accumulated temperature during the growing period is insufficient, it can affect the sugar content of the fruit.
2. Light
Grapes require ample light to promote photosynthesis and ensure plant quality. The daily sunlight exposure should reach at least 14 hours, and not be less than 12 hours, otherwise, it will be detrimental to flower bud differentiation and also affect fruit quality and yield in the following year.
3. Water
Different growth stages of grapes have different water requirements. During the germination period, humidity should be between 60%-80%; during the flowering period, humidity should be 50%, or else there will be blossom and fruit drop; during the fruit ripening period, humidity should be controlled between 55%-70%. Excessive moisture can lead to fruit rot, affecting fruit quality. Also, drainage should be managed during the rainy season.
4. Soil
Grapes are not very demanding when it comes to soil and have a strong adaptability. Whether it's sandy soil, loam, or clay, grapes can grow. The ideal pH range for the soil is between 6-7.5. It's best to choose well-drained, loose sandy soil with a higher elevation for planting grapes.
5. Fertilization
Different growth stages require different types of fertilizers, and the amount of fertilizer should be adjusted based on the fertility of the soil. In the early growth stage, the nitrogen content should be increased; during the middle stage, trace elements like calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, and manganese can be added; in the fruiting stage, the content of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased, while reducing the nitrogen content.
6. Pruning
Pruning includes removing extra buds, pinching the growing tips, and determining the main branches. Removing extra buds should be done early, during the germination period, to reduce nutrient loss. When the fruiting branches can be identified, it's time to prepare for determining the main branches, which should be adjusted based on the growth of the variety. Pinching the growing tips should be done before flowering to maximize nutrient conservation, increase fruit set, and adjust the number of inflorescences according to the yield ratio. After harvesting the fruit, remove the old, weak, and diseased leaves to reduce nutrient loss, improve lighting conditions, and promote fruiting the following year.
7. Bagging
Bagging should be done after the fruit has set. Choose the appropriate specialized paper bags and prune before bagging, removing diseased and deformed fruit and spraying some fungicides before securing the bags with wire. Prepare to remove the bags half a month before the fruit matures by first opening the bags and then removing them after a week.
8. Diseases
Anthracnose, white rot, and downy mildew are the main diseases affecting grapes. The principle of disease control is to detect and treat early. It's important to observe the growth of grapes regularly. When a plant is found to be infected, it should be treated promptly.剪除 infected branches and leaves immediately, burn them to prevent further infection, and then spray effective fungicides such as Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim on the trees. It's also necessary to improve the growing environment by enhancing ventilation, drainage, and lighting.
The information provided on how to cultivate grapes and related grape planting management techniques should be helpful to you. Don't forget to check out more experience and knowledge!