How to Plant Grapes: Techniques
The editor introduces you to the techniques of planting grapes and the knowledge of grape cultivation and management in the field of green plants and flowers. The specific content is as follows:
Grapes are the most common and famous fruit originally from Western Asia, one of the oldest tree species discovered. Grapes can not only be eaten fresh but also dried into raisins or made into wine. Moreover, their roots and vines can be used as medicine, which is beneficial for pregnant women to prevent morning sickness. Let's introduce the grape planting and management techniques next.
1. Temperature
Grapes prefer warm temperatures. They will germinate when the temperature reaches 10 degrees Celsius, so they are usually planted in spring. The optimal temperature range for the growth of new shoots is 20-30 degrees Celsius; during the fruit ripening period, the temperature should be maintained between 20-32 degrees Celsius. Insufficient accumulated temperature during the low temperature or growing period will affect the sugar content of the fruit.
2. Light
Grapes love light. Sufficient light can promote photosynthesis in the plants, ensuring plant quality. The daily sunlight time should reach 14 hours or more, and should not be less than 12 hours, otherwise, it will be unfavorable for flower bud differentiation and will also affect the quality and yield of the fruit the following year.
3. Water
Different growth stages of grapes have different requirements for water; during the germination stage, humidity should reach 60%-80%; during the flowering stage, humidity should be 50%, otherwise it will cause flower and fruit drop; during the fruit ripening stage, humidity should be controlled between 55%-70%. Excessive humidity can lead to fruit rot, affecting fruit quality. Moreover, drainage should be paid attention to during the rainy season.
4. Soil
Grapes have no high requirements for soil and are adaptable. Whether it's sandy soil, loamy soil, or clay soil, grapes can grow. The optimal pH range for the soil is 6-7.5. It is best to choose well-drained, loose sandy soil with higher terrain for planting grapes.
5. Fertilization
Different growth stages have different fertilizer requirements, and the amount of fertilizer should also be adjusted according to the fertility or poverty of the soil. In the early growth stage, the nitrogen content should be increased, in the middle stage, trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc, and manganese can be added, and in the fruit-setting stage, the content of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be increased while reducing the nitrogen content.
6. Pruning
Pruning includes removing excess buds, pinching the growing tips, and setting the shoots. Remove the extra small buds as early as possible during the germination stage to reduce nutrient loss; when the fruiting branches can be distinguished, prepare to set the shoots, adjusting according to the variety's growth; before flowering, pinch the growing tips to minimize nutrient loss and increase the fruit-setting rate. Also, according to the yield ratio, retain the corresponding inflorescences; after harvesting the fruit, cut off the old, weak, and diseased leaves to reduce nutrient loss, improve the lighting conditions of the plants, and promote fruiting the following year.
7. Bagging
Bagging should be done after the fruit has set. Choose the appropriate specialized paper bags, prune before bagging, remove diseased, weak, and malformed fruit, spray some fungicides, and then tie the bags tightly with wire. Prepare to remove the bags half a month before the fruit ripens, opening the bags first and then removing them a week later.
8. Diseases
Anthracnose, white rot, and downy mildew are the main diseases of grapes. The principle of preventing and treating diseases is to detect and treat early. Observe the growth of grapes frequently, and when some plants are found to be infected, treat them promptly.剪除 the infected branches and leaves immediately, burn them to avoid further infection, and then spray the trees with effective drugs such as Bordeaux mixture or carbendazim, while improving the plant's growing environment by enhancing ventilation, drainage, and lighting conditions.
The above content introduces you to the techniques of planting grapes and the complete text of grape cultivation techniques and management. I hope it can help you, and I also hope that everyone will come to see more green plant and flower experience and knowledge!