What is the reason why the leaves of the Fortune Tree dry up and yellow?
Introduction to this article: About the reasons why the leaves of Fortune Tree turn yellow and dry and fall and how to remedy it, the following small series provides you with a detailed explanation of Fortune Tree (scientific name: Pachira aquatica) is a common indoor leaf-viewing plant because of its auspicious and easy-to-maintain characteristics are popular. However, when the leaves are found to be yellow, dry or even fall, it often prompts that there is a problem in the maintenance process. This article will analyze the causes from three dimensions: environmental factors, management omissions and pests and diseases, and provide corresponding scientific remedial plans to help growers restore plant health.
1. Six main causes of blade abnormalities and identification characteristics 1. Light imbalance (1) Strong light burns: Direct sunlight in summer can cause leaf tips to scorch and brown sunburn on leaves, especially when newly purchased plants are suddenly exposed to strong light. (2) Long-term shade: The overall shade is yellow, the new leaves are thin and small, the stem nodes are long, and the old leaves gradually fall off. Measuring light intensity below 1500 lux is insufficient. 2. Water management mistakes (1) Excessive watering: lack of oxygen in the root system causes rotten roots, the lower leaves become yellowed and fall off in the early stage, there is a dull sound when tapping the pot, and the top layer of the soil continues to be moist at 5 cm. (2) Long-term drought: The leaves are scorched and curled inward from the edge, and the basin soil separates to form cracks. When the soil water content is less than 30%, the drought threshold is reached. 3. Symptoms of nutritional imbalance (1) Nitrogen deficiency: Old leaves are evenly yellowed, new leaves grow stagnated, and improvement can be seen 7-10 days after urea application. (2) Iron deficiency: The veins of new leaves are yellow and reticular, which is common in alkaline soils with pH>7.5. (3) Fertilizer damage: The leaf margins are scorched and accompanied by white salting. Leaching is required if the EC value exceeds 2.5mS/cm. 4. Temperature stress and low temperatures in winter (<10℃) cause leaves to wither and sagging, resulting in water-stained patches; direct air conditioning causes leaf tips to quickly scorch, and symptoms are exacerbated when the temperature difference exceeds 8℃. 5. Disease infection (1) Leaf spot disease: The disease spot has a concentric ring shape, and a black mold layer is formed when the humidity is high. (2) Root rot: The base of the stem turns brown and softens, with a foul smell, and the infected strain continues to deteriorate after watering with carbendazim. 6. Insect damage The early stages of the damage by red spiders appear on the back of the leaves and develop into dense spider webs; scale insects make the leaves sticky and induce coal pollution disease. 2. Systematic treatment plan 1. Standardized operations of environmental regulation (1) Light regulation: Move 1-1.5 meters away from the east window and maintain a light intensity of 3,000 - 5,000 lux. Use a sunshade net to filter out the strong light at noon in summer. (2) Temperature and humidity management: Keep the average daily temperature of 18-28℃, and the temperature drop at night does not exceed 5℃. Configure an ultrasonic humidifier to keep the air humidity ≥60%, and stay away from the radiator in winter. 2. The scientific irrigation process adopts the "dipping basin method" to replenish water: immerse the flowerpot in a bucket until the surface of the basin soil becomes wet, let stand for 20 minutes and then drain. Soil water content is maintained at 40-60% during the growing season and reduced to 30% in winter. Use a soil hygrometer to monitor to avoid fingertip test errors. 3. Precision fertilization plan (1) Fertilization during the restoration period: Spray 0.1% ferrous sulfate +0.2% urea solution at the early stage of yellow leaves, once a week for three consecutive times. (2) Fertilizer application during the maintenance period: N-P-K: slow-release fertilizer with a ratio of 3-1-2 is applied in spring and autumn, and is applied according to the standard of 5g/15cm pot diameter. 4. Pruning and turning techniques (1) Traumatic pruning: Keep 1cm of petioles when removing diseased leaves, and apply gardening wound agent to the cut. Heavy pruning requires 60% shading treatment. (2) Root recovery: After the rotten root plants are removed from the pot, cut off the browned root systems, soak in 1000 times hymoxazole solution for 30 minutes, and replace with a new substrate with coarse coconut bran: perlite =7:3. 5. Biological control of pests and diseases (1) Red spider: Spray 2500 times of 1.8% abamectin solution, focusing on the back of the leaves, once every 3 days and continuously three times. (2) Root rot: Irrigation Trichoderma harzianum TC solution and water cut off for 7 days to promote rooting. 3. Preventive maintenance calendar 1. In spring (March to May), rotate the flowerpot 90 degrees every 15 days to prevent misaligned crowns, and apply seaweed fertilizer every month to enhance stress resistance 2. In summer (June-August), watering is completed before 8 a.m., and spray and dust removal once a week3. Gradually reduce the watering frequency in autumn (September to November), and apply decomposed cake fertilizer to enhance the ability to wintering. 4. Keep the basin soil slightly dry in winter (December-February), and provide short ventilation at noon in low-temperature weather. Special circumstances should be dealt with: When large-scale fallen leaves occur, stem activity should be checked immediately. Green tissue seen by scraping off the surface bark indicates that it can be saved. If the xylem becomes browned, the trunk needs to be cut off to promote the emergence of new branches. Practice has proved that correctly handled Fortune trees can germinate new leaves in about 30-45 days and recover their ornamental value within 6 months. Regular use of multi-element foliar fertilizers can effectively prevent recurring yellow leaves and keep the plants in optimal ornamental condition.
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