What are the main types of Chinese orchids?
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There are 500 genera and 15,000 species of orchids, widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions around the world. There are about 150 genera and 1,000 species in China, especially in the southwest and (T-W) areas.
The terrestrial orchids traditionally cultivated in China are collectively called "Chinese orchids". They can be divided into four main categories: spring, summer, autumn, and winter depending on the blooming time. Some orchids are very fragrant but have too short stems to show their beauty; some have large flowers but no fragrance. The better varieties mainly include seven types:
① Spring orchid: Mainly produced in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. The leaves are thin and curly, the scape is single, and it requires a spring condition below 10℃ to bloom.
② Spring cinnamon orchid: Also known as jiuzi orchid, jiujie orchid, or summer orchid. The leaves are relatively thin and long. It requires higher humidity in the air. The management is more complex than that of spring orchids. Mainly produced in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and other provinces. Most suitable for subtropical regions.
③ Spring arrow orchid: Also known as bamboosedge orchid or bika orchid. The leaves are elegant, and the flowers are light yellow-green, with a scape height of 20~35 cm and 3~7 flowers. The flowers have various colors and pleasant fragrance. Produced in the Jinsha River, Dadu River, and Min River basins.
④ Jian orchid: Jian orchid is also called autumn orchid, four-season orchid, arrow cinnamon orchid, male orchid, sword-leaf orchid, summer cinnamon orchid, or Suruga orchid. The scape has 5~9 flowers, sometimes up to 18, mostly light yellow, with a flower diameter of 4~6 cm, rich in fragrance. Easy to manage, large blooming quantity, mainly produced in Fujian.
⑤ Lily orchid: Mainly produced in the northern part of Yunnan and the southern part of Sichuan. The blooming period is from December to March of the following year, with 3~5 flowers on the scape, a flower diameter of 4~6 cm, and colors of white, red, yellow, green, or veins. The labellum is reversed, and the flowers have a pleasant fragrance.
⑥ Winter orchid: The scape has more than 10 flowers, with a pleasant fragrance. The flower diameter is over 8 cm, with the largest reaching 16 cm. The petals are short and wide, the labellum is large and long. The flower posture and color are rich and diverse.
⑦ Black orchid: The flower color is brown-purple, similar to black. The full blooming period is during the Spring Festival, so it is also called the New Year orchid, abundant year orchid, or拜岁兰 (baise lan). The leaves are wide and glossy, with a spectacular plant form. However, black orchids are not cold-resistant, and the flowers have a sweet fragrance.
Among the seven types of orchids, there are dwarf, unusual leaves, unusual flowers, petal flowers, butterfly flowers, abnormal flowers, bicolor flowers, plain-hearted flowers, and colorful-hearted flowers in the subcategories.
The above () introduces the comprehensive introduction of the main types of Chinese orchids to you, hoping to bring some knowledge about green plants to green plant enthusiasts.