Succulent Plant Soil Overview
Article Summary: Knowledge about succulent plants, an overview of succulent plant soil, let's follow the editor and take a look!
Seen a lot of friends who like succulent plants to configure the medium program, the variety of media and the proportion are not too different. But they are not far from a point: can be good drainage, breathable, rich in nutrients. Which succulent plant soil is more suitable for cultivating meat?
In order to better cultivate succulent plants, this new student searched the media mentioned by everyone online, made a summary, please criticize and correct.
一、 Garden Soil: Garden soil is also called vegetable garden soil, garden soil, this is a common cultivated soil, because of the frequent fertilization and farming, fertility is higher, good granular structure, is one of the main raw materials for the preparation of culture soil. The disadvantage is that the surface is easy to harden when dry, the air permeability and water permeability are poor when wet, and it cannot be used alone. The top sandy loam soil where vegetables or legumes have been planted is best. Intuitively, it is the soil in the garden, which can do the garden, generally has undergone many years of cultivation and management, soil composition and structure generally will not have problems, so, generally potted or seedling time is recommended.
Garden soil is the main component of culture soil, which is cultivated soil cultivated and cultivated with flowers and trees, vegetables. It contains relatively rich humus, good physical properties, in addition to being used directly for open-air cultivation of flowers and trees, it is also the main component of culture soil for potting flowers. Before preparing the culture soil, it must be exposed to the sun, then broken and sifted, separated by thickness before it can be used. Garden soil is made of garbage, fallen leaves, barnyard manure, straw and other materials through stacking and high temperature fermentation. Garden soil contains humus, and is used for cultivating roses, pomegranates and other grass flowers. The underground soil and gravel soil excavated by urban construction are not garden soil, and they are not suitable for direct planting of flowers, nor for direct preparation of culture soil.
二、 Humus Soil: A mixture of decayed plant material and various organic waste, which can be used for potting. Humus soil is formed by the decay and fermentation of dead branches and leaves of trees in the forest surface soil for a long time.
The humus soil is carefully screened, the too coarse or too fine waste is sifted out, and the part that has been completely fermented and is most suitable for planting orchids is selected. After high temperature distillation, disinfection and sterilization, it is developed and used.
The advantages of humus soil:
1. It solves the problem of poor water permeability and air permeability of the original humus soil and the problem of pests and diseases, giving full play to its advantage as a natural nutrient soil for orchid plants. The soil particles are uniform and moderate, which is the best soil particle structure for cultivating orchids, not only with good air permeability, suitable for root growth needs, but also with good water and fertilizer retention ability.
2. The service life is long, generally, the culture soil needs to be replaced once a year, and the humus soil of cypress leaves can be cultivated for 3 years before replacing the pot soil.
The method of using humus soil: It can be mixed with a variety of organic or inorganic soil materials to form soilless soil for use (it is recommended to use less than 40% of the total proportion).
三、 Horticultural Vermiculite: There are two conventional specifications for horticultural vermiculite: 1-3mm (seedling vermiculite), 2-4mm (flowering and horticultural vermiculite), and various types of horticultural vermiculite can also be produced according to customer requirements. Horticultural vermiculite is a specially processed expanded vermiculite, which mainly increases the air permeability and water retention of the soil (medium). Because it is easy to break, with the extension of use time, it is easy to make the medium dense and lose air permeability and water retention, so the coarse vermiculite has a longer service life and better effect than the fine one. Therefore, horticultural vermiculite should choose thicker flake vermiculite, even for the sowing medium of small seeds and the covering material for sowing, it is better to use thicker ones.
1. Vermiculite is a mica-like material formed by the high temperature heating of silicate materials. During the heating process, the water is rapidly lost and expands, and the expanded volume is 8-20 times the original volume. Thus, the material increases the air permeability and water retention.
2. The bulk density of horticultural vermiculite is 130-180 kg/m3, neutral to alkaline (pH 7-9). Each cubic meter of vermiculite can absorb 500-650 liters of water. After steam disinfection, it can release an appropriate amount of potassium, calcium and magnesium.
3. As horticultural vermiculite, its main function is to increase the air permeability and water retention of the soil (medium). Because it is easy to break, with the extension of use time, it is easy to make the medium dense and lose air permeability and water retention, so the coarse vermiculite has a longer service life and better effect than the fine one. Therefore, horticultural vermiculite should choose thicker flake vermiculite, even for the sowing medium of small seeds and the covering material for sowing, it is better to use thicker ones.
4. Uses:
A. One of the main materials for planting medium, can be mixed with peat, perlite, etc.
B. Sowing covering material.
C. Properly adjust the pH value of the medium.
Personal opinion: "Because it is easy to break, with the extension of use time, it is easy to make the medium dense and lose air permeability and water retention," this point seems to reduce the proportion or not to use. Moreover, if vermiculite is used as a sowing covering material, it is easy to grow moss. Therefore, it should be used with caution.
Four, Perlite: mainly used for soil improvement, regulate soil hardening, prevent crop lodging, control fertilizer efficiency and fertilizer degree, and as a diluent and carrier for insecticides and herbicides.
Five, Peat: also known as peat, peat soil, peat is a very good potting soil for potted flowers. Because it contains a lot of organic matter, loose, breathable and water permeable performance is good, water and fertilizer retention ability is strong, light texture, no disease spores and insect eggs. At present, in foreign developed countries of horticulture, in flower cultivation, especially in seedling and potting flowers, peat is mostly used as the main potting medium, and humus soil, humus soil, etc. have become a thing of the past.
Peat, in the process of formation, has undergone long-term leaching and poor decomposition of its own, so it contains less nutrients. When preparing culture soil, it can be added with enough nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other trace elements according to needs, or supplemented with topdressing in the process of flower planting. Peat can be used alone for potting, or mixed with perlite, vermiculite, river sand, coconut husk, etc. At present, the so-called flower culture soil sold in the market, its main component is peat.
Six, Coconut Husk: Coconut shell fiber powder, also known as coconut fiber, is a natural degradable, pure natural organic medium that falls off during the processing of coconut shell fiber. The coconut husk that falls off during the processing of coconut fiber is placed in the open air, and after treatment such as sun exposure and rain, the salt content and conductivity are reduced. Coconut husk is very suitable for plant cultivation. After using coconut husk to cultivate plants, the roots of plants grow very fast, which is conducive to the growth of plants.
Characteristics of coconut husk for plant cultivation:
1. Good water retention: can fully retain water and nutrients, reduce the loss of water and nutrients, conducive to plant roots to absorb (S-Y) nutrients and water during the growth process, conducive to plant growth.
2. Good air permeability: prevent root rot of plants, promote plant root growth, can protect the soil, avoid mud.
3. There is a slow natural decomposition rate, which is conducive to extending the service life of the substrate.
Coconut husk is one of the natural soilless cultivation organic media, which can be used for soilless cultivation of flowers and economic plants, and can also be used for seedling and seedling cultivation.
Can be used for many years without changing the original soil structure.
Seven, Ceramsite: can be used for seedbed, flower bed, greenhouse flowers, plants, vegetables and roof garden and lawn cultivation medium.
Features: 1. Clean and hygienic, less pollution, no harm, good quality.
2. Easy to transport, easy to disinfect and clean the substrate, simple management.
3. With good air permeability, water saving, fertilizer saving, avoid soil continuous cropping disease.
4. Flower plants grow rapidly and strong, bloom more and earlier, big and fragrant, less pests and diseases, soilless cultivation of ceramsite is not restricted by any regional space.
Eight, Fairy Soil: "Fairy Soil" comes from natural soil, is the natural culture medium of plants, especially orchids and potted plants. Because the fairy soil contains a variety of trace elements, plus its own cohesiveness, not loose, good water retention, breathable, not hardening, no bacteria, not root, more germination, no need to fertilize within two years, 3-5 years can be slightly applied with thin fertilizer. Especially suitable for beginners to plant orchids, no need to worry about how to fertilize orchids, just master the watering method. Fairy soil can be divided into three colors: white, black and brown, with different nutritional components. Soak the "fairy soil" in clean water before use, soak through and then use. The soaked fairy soil can be sealed in a bag after pouring out the water, and can be used at any time in the future. No need to add other cultivation materials. When using, put the "large, medium and small" "fairy soil" into the "lower, middle and upper" of the pot respectively.
After PH test, the PH value of tap water is 7.5-8.0, and the PH value is 6.5 after using fairy soil.
Nine, Sphagnum: also known as peat moss, is a natural moss, belonging to the moss family plants. It grows in high altitude mountain areas, tropical and subtropical wetlands or swamps, the length is generally 8cm-30cm, some even 50cm. The texture of Sphagnum is very soft and has strong water absorption, the water absorption is equivalent to 15-20 times its own weight, with the characteristics of long water retention and air permeability, PH value 5-6. Widely used for the cultivation of various orchids, is one of the best materials for planting cultivation matrix.
Before use, soak the dry Sphagnum in clean water for a period of time, the water-absorbed Sphagnum will gradually recover vitality, the volume will expand several times, and it can be used. It can be used for grafting: wrap the fresh incision of the plant with Sphagnum, wrap a layer of plastic, which can promote the wound to heal as soon as possible. Or wrap the Sphagnum around the part that needs to be forced to root, which can also achieve twice the result with half the effort.
Characteristics of using as cultivation medium:
One, pure natural product, clean material, no bacteria, can reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases;
Two, good water retention and drainage performance;
Three, excellent air permeability;
Four, not easy to decay, can be used for a long time, no need to completely update the material when changing the pot;
Five, can be used alone or mixed with other substrates, easy to cultivate.
Precautions:
1. Need to fully absorb water before use (can be soaked in water);
2. When using pure Sphagnum to cultivate, the Sphagnum can be cut short to facilitate future transplantation.
Ten, coal cinder: the residue after coal burning. Boiler, canteen and heating in the north of industrial and mining enterprises, there are a lot of coal cinder, its source is abundant.
The bulk density of coal cinder is about 0.70g/cm3, the total porosity is 55.0%, among which the air permeability pore volume accounts for 22% of the total volume of the substrate, and the water holding pore volume accounts for 33.0% of the total volume of the substrate. Nitrogen content is 0.18%, available phosphorus 23mg/kg, available potassium 204mg/kg, pH value is 6.8.
If the coal cinder is not contaminated and does not contain bacteria, it is not easy to cause disease, contains more trace elements, such as mixed with other substrates, can not add trace elements when planting. The bulk density of coal cinder is moderate, and it is not easy to fall over when planting crops, but it must be crushed properly and passed through a 5mm sieve when using. The appropriate coal cinder substrate should have 80% of the particles between 1~5mm.
Eleven, river sand: also known as plain sand, is clean sand in the river, with good water permeability.
There are also several gardening cultivation media unique to Japan, which are very suitable for the growth of high-value plants with long growth cycle, such as succulent plants, orchids, etc.
One, Nikko soil: is a volcanic pumice, a porous and light horticultural soil produced in Nikko City, Japan. It looks a bit like鹿沼土, and also like other pumice, very dry, is a light stone after high temperature disinfection, which can improve soil drainage. Suitable for plant varieties that do not like to change pots and do not need to change pots, in addition to being used for bonsai, cactus, etc., it can also be used as a decorative soil for potted plants, and it is also very suitable for using as a part of the soil for cutting. It is an additive soil, too much or completely used will affect the stability of plants. Generally, the effect is better when mixed with赤玉土 and鹿沼土.
Two, Kiryu sand: is a volcanic sand named after the producing place, Kiryu City, Japan. It is red-brown in color, hard in texture and not easy to break, with good air permeability and water retention. It is suitable for different horticultural crops according to particle size. It can improve soil drainage when mixed with赤玉土. It is not easy to break, suitable for plant varieties that do not like to change pots and do not need to change pots. It is the most suitable for cultivating cactus, succulent plants, desert plants, and can also be used for orchids, deciduous plants. Kiryu sand and鹿沼土 mixed is very suitable for cultivating lithophytic plants.
Three, Akadama soil: is formed by the accumulation of volcanic ash, is the most widely used soil medium. This is also the most widely used cultivation medium in Japan. It is a high permeability volcanic mud, fresh yellow round particles, no harmful bacteria, pH is slightly acidic. Its shape is conducive to water storage and drainage. Generally, the mixing percentage with other substances is 30-35%, higher than peat. The effect can be compared with peat.
Use: medium particle size is suitable for various plant potting, can be called "universal soil", especially effective for cacti and other succulent plants, Chinese orchids and other cultivation; fine particle size is the best choice for lawn matching and horticultural plant seedling, generally mixed with other media such as humus soil,鹿沼土, etc.
Four,鹿沼土: a rare material, produced in the volcanic area of鹿沼 region, is generated from the lower volcanic soil, in the form of volcanic sand, pH is acidic, with high permeability, water storage and air permeability. 鹿沼土 The size is not very consistent, with many holes. This soil is mainly used for bonsai, oriental orchids, alpine flowers, etc.
Use: 鹿沼土 Whether used for professional production or family cultivation or soil improvement, it has good results, especially suitable for plants that are afraid of anaerobic, wet and barren, such as various bonsai, orchids, alpine flowers, etc. 鹿沼土 It can be used alone or mixed with humus soil, humus soil,赤玉土 and other media, it is recommended to mix 30% for herbaceous and leaf-viewing plants, 50% for bulbous plants, and 60% for orchids.
Five, stone: a volcanic stone, after the volcanic eruption, release a large amount of gas, heat, through special temperature formation of porous, light weight, can quickly absorb nutrients, keep moisture stone, and then through high-tech technology processing. Therefore, it has the characteristics of light weight, drainage, moisture retention, and air permeability. Whether used alone or mixed with other substrates, it can achieve excellent results. Data sources and network
Summary is over! If there are deficiencies, please point out, thank you.
The above sharing of the specific content of the advantages and disadvantages analysis of the succulent plant soil, for everyone to refer to operation.