How to manage the growth of grape seedlings: Techniques for the growth management of grape seedlings.

How to manage grape seedlingsToday's tip on managing grape seedlings covers some related information about green plants. Let's dive into the details together.How to manage grape seedlings?Although many new grape growers have limited knowledge about post-planting management, they know that management is closely related to the yield and quality of future grapes. So, how to manage grape seedlings to promote high yield and quality? Let's talk about it in detail.PreparationBefore planting grapes, it is necessary to plan the garden layout, posture, and variety, especially the selection of seedlings. It is recommended to purchase seedlings from正规 channels to ensure the purity and survival rate of the seedlings.Quality grape seedlings require:1. Well-developed roots without root nodules, root-knot nematodes, or branch diseases.2. More than 3 complete buds.3. First and second-class quality cuttings with a diameter greater than 0.5 cm at the base of the scion and the root neck, or grafted seedlings with good healing interfaces.Seedling Planting1. Trench ExcavationGrapes have a long lifespan. After several years of planting, they require a large amount of underground nutrients to grow and bear fruit in a fixed location. The tender tissue of grape roots is meaty, with the growth point extending downward and outward. When it encounters resistance, it stops. Therefore, it is best to plant in trenches, as the later growth of mountain planting is not as good as that in trenches.The bottom of the planting trench can be covered with a layer of crop straw and refilled with an organic fertilizer mixture. Each mu can be watered with 2 cubic meters of decomposed organic fertilizer, an appropriate amount of bio-fertilizer, 50-100 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 25-50 kg of balanced compound fertilizer, and a small amount of trace fertilizer, followed by irrigation with good water permeability solid soil. The surface should be about 30 cm thick, and no organic fertilizer should be applied to avoid root damage.It is best to complete the above work between December of the first year and January of the planting year to facilitate the loosening of the soil during winter.2. Seedling CultivationPruning: Leave 3-5 plump buds; cut damaged buds and roots, shorten lateral roots, make new cuts, and maintain the length of the bud roots at about 15-20 cm.Soaking: Soak the pruned seedlings in clean water for 12-24 hours to absorb sufficient moisture.Disinfection: Before planting, soak the seedlings in a diluted pyrethroid insecticide for 15 minutes to eliminate potential pests such as root-knot nematodes; soak the branches and vines in lime sulfur mixture to kill overwintering pathogens, scales, and mites.3. Planting PointsPlanting Time: Generally in spring. Early spring starts with single-layer film mulching seedlings; in the open air and rain shelters, the best time is from wake-up to the autumn equinox.Specific Operations: 1. Determine the planting point based on the determined spacing, dig a planting hole 40 cm deep and 40 cm in diameter; 2. To improve the rooting number and survival rate of grapes, soak the high-quality grape seedlings with long branches and broken roots in rooting products; 3. Distribute the roots of the seedlings evenly in the planting hole, then cover and lift the seedlings to make the grape roots spread out; 4. The grafting interface of the grafted seedlings should be 5 cm higher than the edge or ridge. After the planting hole is stable, water according to the soil moisture content.Precautions: 1. If grape seedlings are planted too deep, they are prone to stiffness or even death. 2. After planting, waterlogging should be carried out first, and the planting line should be fully watered to form a small channel due to natural settlement. 3. When soil cracks appear, water a second time with a smaller amount of water to promote rooting.4. Mulching with Plastic FilmCover with black plastic film or garden cloth to retain moisture, increase soil temperature, suppress weeds, and promote rapid growth of grapes.Usually, roots can be generated and seedlings can sprout 15-20 days after sowing. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen inspections. For a few seedlings that have not yet germinated, check by uncovering the cover to prevent young buds from being pressed under the plastic film or from germinating when the upper buds have not yet germinated. After the inspection is completed, it should be promptly supplemented. Unviable seedlings should be planted in time.Vine Cultivation1. Wiping Buds: After germination, wipe the buds, leaving two plump buds, and be sure to leave the upper buds for grafted seedlings.2. Tying: When the new shoots reach 20 cm, leave the strong new shoots. When the new shoots reach 30 cm, break the grafting film in time to avoid affecting growth. Tie the remaining new shoots promptly to vertical bamboo stakes or ropes to cultivate a vertical main stem with smooth water and nutrient transport.(1) According to the requirements of the cultivation frame, cultivate the main vines on the frame in time and squeeze the main vines multiple times to promote bud differentiation. It is difficult for new shoots to form flower buds when they are in a state of nutrient consumption for a long time.(2) Results show: ① When new shoots reach 30 cm from the bottom, remove 10 cm of new shoots; ② Maintain two secondary tips 10 cm apart, remove 10 cm each, then maintain two secondary tips obliquely; ③ Under ideal growing conditions, four main vines can be cultivated in the same year, with one main vine pinched every 6 leaves.(3) Results show: ① When the new shoot reaches 10 cm from the surface of the grape frame, remove the new shoot 10 cm from the surface of the grape frame and cross-connect the two secondary shoots from the top of the grape frame to the surface of the grape frame; ② Pinch the main vine every 6 leaves in the second year, using the "6 leaves 5 leaves 5 leaves" pinching method to cultivate secondary branches into fruiting branches.Fertilizer and Water Management1. Fertilizer Management15-20 days after germination, when the new shoots have grown to 6-8 leaves and the tendrils have grown, the growth before fertilization is normal.To promote vigorous growth and early formation of the plant, nitrogen fertilizer should be mainly supplied in the early stage, adhering to the principle of "less before meals, more after meals."In the later growth stage, to accumulate high nutrients in the plant, develop roots, fill the main vines, and improve the lignification of branches, growth should be controlled. At this time, nitrogen supply can be stopped, and an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied to the roots, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be sprayed on the leaves.Note: ① The concentration and amount of fertilizer should be appropriate to avoid burning the roots. ② Water should be supplied in time after fertilizing or combine fertilizer with water.2. Water Resource ManagementWater promotes seedling growth more than fertilizer. After two waterings before planting, the seedlings can be adjusted appropriately to force the roots to absorb water. When the new shoots are 10-20 cm long, water once every half month. When the new shoots are 30-40 cm long, water every 20 days to keep the soil moist. In the later growth stage, reduce the frequency and amount of watering, or even stop watering.Disease and Pest ControlEarly attention should be paid to the harm of golden beetles, green blight, and black spot. In the later stage, downy mildew is mainly controlled in areas with more rainfall.Precautions: ① When diseases are found, the main therapeutic agents and protective agents should be used together; ② Downy mildew should be concentrated on the back of the leaves; foliar application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can enhance tree vitality and photosynthesis.The above is the management of grape seedlings, for reference only.The specific content mentioned above about how to manage grape seedlings is for everyone's reference and operation.