What techniques are needed to grow greenhouse vegetables?
The editor introduces the techniques needed for greenhouse vegetable cultivation and the experience of green plant maintenance in terms of planting and management, which are very useful tips. It is recommended to collect them!
In recent years, the rapid development of agricultural greenhouse greenhouses has led more and more farmers to explore and try greenhouse vegetable cultivation. However, there is still much knowledge to learn in this field. Here are a few important aspects of greenhouse vegetable cultivation to note:
1. Determine a reasonable planting time. The profitability of greenhouse vegetables largely depends on the timing of planting. Counter-seasonal vegetables have the highest profit margins in spring and before and after, which should be the basis for determining the highest yield period. From the original single crop per year to now 70% of the places with two crops per year, the planting period is generally: for single crop per year, in mid-to-late October, and for two crops per year, the first crop is in mid-to-late July, and the second crop is from December to January of the following year. This planting schedule has higher profits.
2. Choose high-yield and disease-resistant varieties. Good varieties are the internal factor of increasing production. High-yield cultivation techniques cannot do without good varieties. The use of greenhouse facilities for counter-seasonal vegetable planting relies on abundant light and heat resources, mainly planting several categories of vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, legumes, and muskmelons. Choosing good varieties can generally increase yields by 10% to 20%, and increase profits by more than 10%.
3. Reasonable greenhouse type. Greenhouses are divided into five types. In vegetable cultivation, it is necessary to choose the greenhouse type according to the different temperature requirements of vegetables, or determine the type of vegetables to plant based on the greenhouse type. Only in this way can the ideal yield of vegetables be obtained.
4. Formula fertilization. Fertilization is the foundation of increasing production. High vegetable yields also take away more nutrients, so increasing the application of base fertilizer is an important guarantee. Generally, for yields of 10,000 to 20,000 jin per mu, apply 10,000 to 20,000 jin of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and combine it with quick-acting chemical fertilizers to achieve long-term and quick-acting fertilization. Quick-acting chemical fertilizers are mostly ternary compound fertilizers and diammonium phosphate. In addition, a certain amount of trace elements such as iron, boron, molybdenum, and medium elements such as calcium and sulfur should be applied as base fertilizer. During the fruit-setting stage, a certain amount of fertilizer should also be applied with water.
5. Greenhouse film selection. The choice of greenhouse film has a significant impact on yield, which in turn affects the profitability of planting. Greenhouse films are divided into polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, and EVA based on materials, and divided into long-life non-dripping films, semi-dripping films, and fog-dispelling films based on functions. It should be selected according to the different types of vegetables. For example, use polyvinyl chloride film for cucumber cultivation, as this film produces cucumbers with good color. For tomato cultivation, choose polyethylene or EVA film, as tomatoes are warm and light-loving but can tolerate low light and low temperatures, and both films can meet the growth requirements of tomatoes. For eggplant cultivation, choose EVA film, as this film has high light transmission, good anti-aging, non-dripping properties, and fog-dispelling, which is good for eggplant coloring.
6. Grafting techniques. Vegetable grafting is an effective measure to increase yield. By relying on the resistance of the rootstock, it can increase root absorption and prevent certain stubborn diseases, which is more practical in old vegetable-growing areas. Types of grafting include cucumbers, eggplants, peppers, and tomatoes. Methods include side grafting, plug grafting, and split grafting. For example, grafting cucumbers with black-seed pumpkin or white-seed pumpkin not only solves the problem of cucumber wilt but also increases the absorption range of the roots, drought resistance, and cold resistance. Grafting eggplants with Torubam can prevent wilt and yellow wilt diseases by more than 95%, and fundamentally solve the damage caused by root-knot nematodes. Pepper blight is a devastating disease, and it can be basically controlled through grafting.
7. Ridge cultivation. Ridge cultivation is an important measure in vegetable production, especially significant in counter-seasonal deep winter cultivation. It can increase the light-receiving area of the land, raise soil temperature, and facilitate watering and fertilizing operations, making it a good measure for many vegetable plantings. Ridge cultivation of peppers can significantly reduce the occurrence of root rot and blight diseases.
8. Full ground film mulching. Ground film mulching is another major technique in greenhouse vegetable cultivation, which can effectively reduce the humidity inside the greenhouse, reduce disease conditions, increase soil temperature, improve fruit coloring, reduce the frequency of pesticide applications, and the film can reflect light, increasing the intensity of light on the leaves.
9. Two films and one mat. Adding a layer of floating film on top of the straw mat is a yield-increasing measure taken in the last five to six years, especially significant in deep winter snow days. It can increase the temperature by 1 to 2 degrees Celsius compared to places without floating films and greatly reduce the risk of labor intensity, extending the service life of the straw mat.
10. Integrated pest and disease control techniques. Due to the change in microclimate caused by greenhouse vegetable production, various diseases occur more frequently than in open-field cultivation. Good pest and disease control is the key to achieving high yields. There are 27 types of diseases in cucumbers, 43 in tomatoes, 21 in sweet (hot) peppers, and several in legumes. It is very important to prevent and treat these diseases in a timely and accurate manner. According to the requirements of standardized production, use agricultural, physical, and biological measures, and use efficient, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides scientifically!
The above sharing of techniques needed for greenhouse vegetable cultivation and related content on planting and management, hope it is helpful to you!