Vegetables friends, nowadays, more and more people love to make small planting at home, especially using flower pots to grow vegetables on the balcony. That's so popular! It can not only make the home more greenery, but also harvest fresh vegetables. The ones you grow will be fragrant when eating. If you are talking about the
"hot player" growing vegetables on the balcony, bonsai chili must be one of them. They are easy to feed and have high yields. Looking at the red and green bonsai chili hanging all over the branches, I feel a sense of accomplishment. However, if you want the pepper seedlings in the flowerpot to grow vigorously and bear fruit, there is a lot of knowledge there. Today, we will follow the latest research results of the Academy of Agricultural Sciences and tell everyone about the key points of growing bonsai chili in flower pots, so as to ensure that it is scientific and reliable, and that even novices can easily start it!
1. Choose the right variety. Potted bonsai chili are
half the success. Many vegetable friends may not know whether the pepper variety is suitable for potted plants, which will have a great impact on later growth. According to vegetable science research, we give priority to these two types of varieties:
1. Dwarf varieties with compact plant types
are like the "ornamental pepper" series, such as cherry pepper and colorful pepper. Their plants are not tall, generally only 30 to 50 centimeters, and their branching ability is particularly strong. We don't have to work hard to top frequently to grow ourselves. We can grow in shape. It is especially suitable for growing flower pots with a diameter of 15 to 20 centimeters. It will look good on the balcony without taking up space.
2. Early and high-yield small and medium-sized fruit varieties
such as "Hangjiao","Xianjiao" and "Xiaomi spicy" take about 80 to 90 days from sowing to harvesting. Moreover, the amount of fruits hanging on a single plant is stable, and the spicy taste of the fruits is also very strong. Whether it is used for frying dishes to season or to make bonsai chili sauce, it is excellent. Plant a few plants on the balcony, which are practical and delicious.
Note: Never choose large bell bonsai chili, like bell bonsai chili. They have a high demand for fertilizer and water, and have limited space in flower pots. They are easy to grow wildly when planted. In the end, the fruit setting rate is still low, which makes them thankless.
2. flowerpots and soil: Give bonsai chili a "comfortable nest"
1. Choose the right material and size of flowerpot
: When selecting flowerpot, breathable pottery pots and green mountain pots are the first choice. If not, a plastic basin with several more drainage holes in the bottom will work. But never use ceramic glazed basins or glass containers. That basin is airtight and the pepper roots can easily suffocate and rot in it.
Size: If you only grow one pepper plant, choose a flower pot with a diameter of 20 to 25 cm and a depth of more than 25 cm, with a volume of about 4 to 5 liters. If you want to plant more plants, the diameter of the pot must be increased by at least 5 centimeters for each additional plant, leaving enough space for the pepper roots to grow.
2. Soil matching pays attention to "three principles"
. According to the formula recommended by the Academy of Agricultural Sciences, we must follow the three principles of "loosening and breathable + retaining water and fertilizer + slightly acidic":
main ingredients: use 4 parts of leaf soil (without leaf soil, use Peat soil can also be used), plus 3 parts of garden soil, the garden soil must be taken out in advance to expose it to the sun and sterilize it.
Accessories: Add 2 parts of coarse coconut bran, which can make the soil more breathable, and 1 part of decomposed sheep dung or earthworm dung. This can be used as a slow-release fertilizer and is not easy to burn the roots.
Adjustment: Finally, add some sulfur powder. The amount is not too much. When mixed in the soil, it can keep the pH of the soil at 5.5 to 6.5, because bonsai chili like a slightly acidic environment.
Reminder: Before placing the prepared soil in a pot, it is best to spray it with carbendazim solution to disinfect it, which can prevent the pepper from getting catch-up during the seedling stage.
3. Sowing and raising seedlings: from "small seedlings" to "strong seedlings"
1. Soaking seeds and accelerating germination to improve seedling emergence rate.
First soak the pepper seeds in warm water at 55 ° C for 15 minutes, which can kill the bacteria on the surface of the seeds. Remove it after soaking, and soak in clear water for 8 to 10 hours.
Find a wet tissue, wrap the soaked seeds, and place them at a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C, like next to a router. Spray water on the paper towel every day and keep it moist. Generally, the seeds will be white in 3 to 5 days, and then you can sow seeds.
2. There are techniques for sowing in seedling pots
. Use a seedling cup or a shallow mouth pot, and fill it with loose fine soil. Lay the exposed seeds flat in the soil, cover them with 0.5 cm thick soil, spray with water, and seal the mouth of the basin with plastic wrap, but leave a few ventilation holes.
Before emergence, the temperature must be maintained at 20 to 25℃. When the seedlings are all out, remove the plastic wrap and let the seedlings dry in the sun for more than 4 hours a day. This can prevent the seedlings from growing thin and tall and easily falling.
3. The transplanting timing depends on the "number of leaves"
and when the seedlings have grown 3 to 4 real leaves, they can be transplanted. Seven days before transplanting, the seedlings have to be "tempered": move them to a ventilated place on the balcony during the day, and move them back indoors at night, so that they can slowly adapt to changes in temperature differences in the environment.
4. Daily management: Do a good job in four things: water, fertilizer, light and temperature
1. Watering: "see dry see wet" is the key
seedling stage: this time the soil should be kept slightly moist, with fingers inserted into the soil surface 2 cm below, feel dry on watering. Don't choose watering time at noon, when the temperature is high, a cold and a hot easy to hurt the roots.
Flowering and fruiting period: at this time, we should reduce the watering frequency, wait for the soil surface to turn white, and the plants will wither a little, then water. Too much water, pepper easy to drop flowers and fruits.
Watering time: It is best to choose before 10 a.m. or in the evening. The water used is best to dry tap water for one day in advance, so that the chlorine gas in the water can be removed.
2. Fertilization: The growth period of "thin fertilizer and frequent application" is divided into stages
(1 - 2 weeks after transplanting): At this time, the stems and leaves are mainly long, so high-nitrogen compound fertilizer must be applied, and diluted 1000 times according to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium 2:1:1, Give it once 10 day.
Before flowering: You need to change phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diluted 800 times, sprayed on the leaves every week, and then poured in the soil, which can promote flower bud differentiation.
Fruiting period: Every 1 - 2 harvests, a balanced fertilizer must be applied with a ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of 1:1:1, combined with decomposed fish protein fertilizer and diluted 500 times, which can prevent premature aging of bonsai chili.
3. Light: Direct light at least 6 hours a day
is a "person who likes light". If the light is not enough, there will be fewer flowers and smaller fruits. So plant bonsai chili on the balcony and place them on the south-facing window sill as much as possible. However, the noon sun in summer is too poisonous, so it must be properly shaded, otherwise the leaves will easily be burned.
4. Temperature: 15 - 30℃ The most comfortable
pepper is during the growing period, and the most suitable temperature is 20 to 28℃. If the temperature is below 15 ° C, it grows slowly or even stagnates. If it is above 35℃, you have to shade it and spray water to cool down.
In autumn and winter, when the temperature is below 10 ° C, the bonsai chili have to be moved indoors. If you don't want to move them, you can also put them in a plastic bag to keep them warm, but you need to leave a few ventilation holes. Before the frost comes, we have to harvest all the ripe bonsai chili quickly.
5. Trim and scaffold: Make the plant "bear more fruit and do not tilt"
1. When seedlings such as topping and picking promote branching
grow to 15 centimeters high, pinch off the top 1 - 2 centimeters, which can promote the growth of lateral branches. Generally, it is enough to keep 3 to 4 strong lateral branches, but don't let them grow up like a single pole.
2. Thinning flowers and fruit to ensure quality.
The first flower opened by bonsai chili is likely to be an "invalid flower". It is recommended to remove it directly. The lateral branches within 5 centimeters of the lower part of the main stem are also cut off, so that nutrients can be concentrated on the bearing branches above. During the fruit expansion period, if diseased or deformed fruits are found, they must be removed in time. It is most appropriate to leave 3 to 4 healthy fruits on each fruiting branch.
3. When the plant grows to a height of 30 centimeters, a 1-meter-long bamboo pole has to be inserted in the flowerpot, and then gently tie the main stem to the bamboo pole with a soft rope. Be careful not to tie it too tightly. Leave about 2 centimeters of space for movement, otherwise the stem will easily be injured.
6. Pest and pest control: Prevent and use less drugs in advance
1. Common diseases are discovered early
(seedling stage): If the soil is too humid, the base of the pepper stem will easily rot. At this time, we must quickly control the water and spray some Trichoderma harzianum. This is a biological control method, safe and environmentally friendly.
Anthrax (high temperature and high humidity): When the disease occurs, brown spots will appear on the leaves. If you find them, you have to quickly remove the sick leaves and spray Bordeaux mixture at a ratio of 1:1:100, which is copper sulfate, quicklime and water. It is prepared in this ratio and sprayed every 7 days.
2. Physical pest control is safer:
Aphids and thrips: These two pests like yellow color, so you can hang a few yellow sticky insect boards next to the plants, or boil some dried pepper water yourself, filter it and spray it on the back of the leaves, which can also play a role in driving away. effect.
Red spider: When the weather is dry, red spider is prone to erupting. Usually spray more water on the plants to increase the humidity. If there are too many red spiders, use matrine aqueous solution, dilute it 1000 times to spray, and spray it 2 to 3 times in a row.
To plant bonsai chili in flower pots, remember that the "Six Essentials" formula
should be used to choose the dwarf type, and the size of the flower pot depends on the plant type;
the soil should be loose and added with rot fertilizer, and the seeds should be soaked first when sowing and accelerating germination; water and
fertilizer should be provided in stages, and the light and temperature should be controlled well;
There must be no fewer pruning brackets, and early prevention of diseases and insect pests should be prevented.
As long as you follow these scientific methods, even a novice vegetable grower can harvest crops of red bonsai chili on your balcony! However, the climate of each region is different, and when planting, food lovers have to flexibly adjust according to the actual local environment. I hope everyone can grow satisfactory bonsai chili!