What kind of fertilizer is suitable for chili peppers
Here is an introduction to the small knowledge of chili pepper fertilizer and chili pepper management and fertilization techniques for netizens in detail, as follows:
Chili peppers have a high content of nutrients in their bodies but a low transfer rate, with most of the nutrients in the stems and leaves difficult to transfer to the fruit. The nutrient content in the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruit is comparable, thus chili peppers are considered a crop with a high overall demand for fertilizer.
I. Fertilization characteristics
1. Chili peppers prefer nitrate nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. Chili peppers belong to the infinite growth type, flowering, and fruiting simultaneously. They have a long growth period, prefer warm and sunny conditions, but have underdeveloped roots, a small root mass, shallow penetration into the soil, are not drought-resistant or flood-resistant, and require a large amount of fertilizer, with a strong tolerance for fertilizer. Generally, for every 1000 kg of production, about 3-5.2 kg of nitrogen (N), 0.6-1.1 kg of phosphorus (P2O5), and 5-6.5 kg of potassium (K2O) are needed, with an absorption ratio of 1:0.2:1.3. Chili peppers have a higher demand for nitrogen and potassium fertilizer, while the demand for phosphorus fertilizer is not significant. In addition, there is a high demand for calcium, magnesium, and boron elements.
2. Chili peppers have a high dependence on fertilizers. During the growth of chili peppers, 60% of the nitrogen and 67% of the potassium absorbed come from fertilizers. Therefore, multiple topdressings are needed during the growth period of chili peppers.
3. Fertilization requirements during the growth period: The amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium absorbed by chili peppers varies during different growth stages.
① From seedling emergence to bud formation, the plant has few roots and small leaves, and the nutrient demand is also low.
② From bud formation to initial flowering, the plant grows faster, the plant expands rapidly, and the nutrient absorption increases.
③ From initial flowering to full flowering and fruit setting, it is a period of vigorous vegetative and reproductive growth, and it is the period with the highest nitrogen absorption.
④ From full flowering to maturity, the plant's vegetative growth is weaker, and the demand for phosphorus and potassium is higher. In summary, chili peppers need more nitrogen fertilizer from flowering to fruit setting and more potassium fertilizer from fruit setting to maturity.
II. Fertilization techniques
(A) Base fertilizer
Chili peppers belong to the solanaceae family and are sensitive to chlorine, making them a chlorine-averse crop. Therefore, only sulfate potassium compound fertilizer can be used.
1. Dosage: Generally, apply 4000-5000 kg of farmyard manure per mu and 45% sulfate potassium compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 45-60 kg or 51% pure sulfur-based compound fertilizer (17-17-17) 40-50 kg. If there is no farmyard manure, it is best to add an appropriate amount of bio-fertilizer when applying a balanced compound fertilizer.
2. Usage: Apply 60% before land preparation and 40% in furrows during planting to ensure the chili pepper's long-term demand for fertilizer.
(B) Topdressing
Topdressing is generally done in the evening, about 15 cm away from the roots, and irrigation should follow immediately after application. The principle of topdressing is to apply a small amount multiple times. The first topdressing: After the initial flowering of chili peppers and when the fruit has set, the first topdressing is carried out. When most of the plants have set the first fruit, the second watering is done, and a heavy application of fertilizer is made. Generally, every time fruit is harvested, topdress once with water, using a high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer each time. In summary, for fresh chili peppers, topdress with a nitrogenous fertilizer but do not overdo it, otherwise, the plant may grow too vigorously with a low fruit-setting rate. For dried chili peppers, the focus is on fruit setting after the fruit turns red, with a nitrogenous fertilizer base and a bias towards potassium fertilizer. Potassium is the element that determines the color and quality of dried chili peppers.
(C) Foliar spraying
1. During the growth of chili peppers, it is best to combine the prevention and control of diseases and pests. After fruit setting, apply an appropriate amount of 0.2%-0.4% urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, about 50 kg per mu, once every 7 days. This method uses less fertilizer, has a high absorption rate, and conversion rate, and can effectively prevent flower and fruit drop.
2. For southern regions with acidic soil that is prone to calcium deficiency, calcium fertilizer can be applied appropriately, about 50 kg per mu, to prevent chili blossom-end rot.
3. During the peak harvest period of fresh chili peppers, a large amount of magnesium fertilizer is needed, 0.5-1% magnesium nitrate solution, about 50 kg per mu, sprayed several times.
4. When chili peppers are deficient in boron, use a 0.1% borax solution, about 50-100 kg per mu, sprayed once every 7 days.
III. Precautions
1. Control nitrogen and increase potassium:
Less nitrogen fertilizer should be applied during the initial flowering stage to prevent the stems and leaves from growing too vigorously and causing flower and fruit drop. If the upper part of the stem明显 thickens, the leaves are too large, and the petioles bend downward, it often leads to fruit drop after flowering. Once such a phenomenon occurs, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, and potassium fertilizer should be applied to correct it.
2. Prevent root damage:
Human waste must be decomposed and diluted with water before application; chemical fertilizers should be applied with watering, and the amount used each time should not be excessive.
The above is the full content about what kind of fertilizer is suitable for chili peppers and chili pepper management and fertilization techniques, hoping it is helpful to green plant enthusiasts!