When can ginseng be planted
Today, I will explain in detail when ginseng can be planted and the topic of the planting and growing environment of ginseng for netizens. Let's learn about it together.
Ginseng [alias] ginseng, red ginseng, cultivated ginseng, wild ginseng, sugar ginseng, Jilin ginseng, direct ginseng, white ginseng. It is the dried root of the Panax ginseng C.A. Mey. plant of the Araliaceae family. Cultivated ones are called "cultivated ginseng," and wild ones are called "mountain ginseng." It is mainly produced in Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang and other provinces. It is also produced in Shandong, Hebei, Shanxi, Hubei and other provinces, mostly cultivated and rarely wild.
I. [Growing Environment]
Grows in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests or mixed wood forests on mountains. A few are wild in deep mountainous, shady and humid forests. Ginseng prefers cold and humid climates, dislikes strong light and high temperatures. It has strict requirements for soil, with well-drained, deep soil rich in humus, and loose and fertile sandy loam being the best. In recent years, tests have been successful in cultivating ginseng in clayey soil improved with humus, mainly composed of leaf humus, corn straw humus, peat, soybean straw humus, and rice straw humus.
II. [Cultivation]
(1) Land preparation
Before plowing, apply a base fertilizer first, deeply plow 30 to 40 cm, and those who plow in spring should plow again before autumn sowing, making fine land preparation, crushing soil clumps. Then make ridges about 1.5 m wide and 20 to 30 cm high, with the length determined by the terrain. Choose seeds that are large and plump, white and free of disease spots from the current year. Before sowing, soak the seeds in a 1% formaldehyde solution for 10 minutes or in a 10% garlic juice solution for 12 hours for disinfection, then remove and sow immediately. To speed up germination, a germination treatment can be performed.
(2) Sowing
There are three types: spring sowing (April to May), summer sowing (mid-July to late August), and autumn sowing (late September to late November). There are three sowing methods: spot sowing, row sowing, and broadcasting. Spot sowing is done by digging holes 5 cm apart in rows and plants, sowing 1 to 3 seeds per hole, then covering with soil. Row sowing is done by opening furrows 3 cm apart, sowing seeds in the furrows, then covering with fine soil. Broadcasting is done by evenly spreading seeds in the ridge, then covering with soil. Spot sowing generally results in uniform seedlings and convenient management. Broadcasting is not uniform and the seedlings vary in size, making management inconvenient. Choose strong and disease-free seedlings, usually transplanted from late September to late October. Ginseng roots are prone to diseases, so seedling disinfection must be done before planting, soaked in a 1:1:80 Bordeaux mixture for 10 minutes, then dried and planted. Generally divided into large, medium, and small grades, planted separately. Planting is done by first making horizontal furrows or holes on the ridge, planting the seedlings, and horizontal, vertical, or oblique planting is acceptable. The row spacing is 20 cm, the plant spacing is 10 cm, and after planting, cover with soil and grass to prevent cold and overwintering.
(3) Field Management
Ginseng is protected from strong sunlight and rain during the growing period by setting up greenhouses. Every year, the soil is loosened and weeded 3 to 4 times. When flower buds appear, all except those retained for seed plants should be removed to promote root development. Watering is done during dry spells. Fertilizers used include compost, wood ash, superphosphate, etc., and foliar feeding can be done with a 2% phosphorus fertilizer solution sprayed on the leaves after they have unfolded and before flowering.
When can ginseng be planted
(4) Disease and Pest Control
The main diseases include anthrax, blight, and spot diseases, which are treated with a 1:1:120 Bordeaux mixture spray and destruction of the affected plants. Preventive measures usually involve using metalaxyl and mancozeb, which are effective when applied to seedlings or for soil disinfection. The disinfection method involves soaking the seedlings in a metalaxyl 500 to 1000-fold solution or a mancozeb 500-fold solution for 2 minutes before transplanting. The soil disinfection method involves applying a metalaxyl 500-fold solution to the planting rows before transplanting. Generally, seedling disinfection is more effective than soil disinfection and is safe for the seedlings. During the outbreak period, treat affected holes with a 1% copper sulfate solution or remove the affected plants, dig out the diseased soil, and treat with quicklime to prevent poisoning.
Seedlings can be protected from diseases like damping off and root rot by applying pentachloronitrobenzene 0.5 kg in 100 kg of water to the affected areas. The main pests of ginseng include wireworms, mole crickets, cutworms, and grubs, which can be controlled using bait lures and 90% crystal carbaryl dissolved in 40 times water sprayed onto preferred foods like vegetable leaves, weeds, soybean meal, and wheat bran. For the prevention and control of ginseng blight, the pathogen has a wide host range and can infect many plants, broad-leaved trees, and conifer seedlings. The pathogen can be carried to ginseng by the wind, so when choosing a site, consider keeping the vegetation, greenhouses, and tree species away from other hosts as much as possible, such as Acanthopanax, lilies, carrots, chili peppers, walnuts, locust trees, elms, pines, rhododendrons, and strawberries. Good field hygiene can reduce the occurrence of disease.
III. [Harvesting and Processing]
Cultivated ginseng is harvested after 5 to 6 years in autumn (from White Dew to Autumn Equinox), removing stems, leaves, and soil, and then processed. The main processing methods include:
(1) Sun-dried ginseng: Take the clean fresh ginseng, remove the lateral roots, and dry in the sun. Fresh ginseng that is dried after removing the lateral roots is called whole beard sun-dried ginseng. (2) Red ginseng: Wash the fresh ginseng clean, remove the adventitious roots (fibrous roots) and lateral roots, steam for about 3 hours, then dry or dry in the sun. Processing the lateral roots and fibrous roots of fresh ginseng in this way results in red ginseng fibrous roots. (3) White ginseng (sugar ginseng): Wash the fresh ginseng clean, immerse in boiling water for 3 to 7 minutes,刺 small holes along the ginseng body parallel and perpendicular, then soak in a concentrated sugar solution 2 to 3 times, each time for 10 to 12 hours, then remove and dry in the sun. Wild ginseng can be harvested at any time, with better results when the fruit is mature or fallen. When harvesting, be careful to dig up the soil without damaging the lateral and fibrous roots, and wrap the ginseng root with moss and bark to take it back.
Do you know the detailed introduction of when ginseng can be planted and the planting and growing environment of ginseng shared above?