The Planting Methods and Timing of Screw Peppers
This article introduces where screw peppers are mainly planted in China and topics related to the planting methods and timing of screw peppers. Next, the editor will introduce them to netizens.
Screw peppers, also known as Long peppers, are a type of chili with wrinkled surfaces and a screw-like shape. They were initially mainly planted in the northwest regions of Gansu and Xinjiang. The planting area in Xinjiang is very large, accounting for over 85% of the fresh chili pepper planting area in Xinjiang. In recent years, more and more screw peppers have been planted in the central, eastern, and southern regions of China.
We also plant several greenhouses of screw peppers every year, which have good resistance and high yield. Compared with ordinary bull horn peppers, screw peppers have a stronger spicy taste, thin skin, crisp flesh, and fresh and delicious. Due to the good taste of screw peppers, their selling price is relatively high among chili peppers, ranging from 6 to 15 yuan per kilogram.
When conducting vegetable demonstrations of vegetables, many people are interested in screw peppers and want to plant some. The planting method of screw peppers is different from that of other peppers. I will take this opportunity to tell you what screw peppers are all about and how to plant them.
I. The Past and Present of Screw Peppers
Screw peppers belong to the尖椒 (尖椒 type), referring to a category of varieties, among which the most representative is the "pork intestine" screw pepper, which is a local variety in the northwest.
Later, some breeding units combined "pork intestine" with other bull horn pepper varieties to form parents, and after selection and breeding, a series of screw pepper varieties were obtained.
Among them, the high-quality ones include Long Pepper No. 2 and Long Pepper No. 3 bred by the Vegetable Research Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hang Pepper No. 4, Hang Pepper No. 5, and Hang Pepper No. 7 bred by Tianshui Shenzhou Lüpeng Company, and Liang Pepper 2313 bred by the Xiaxian Liangfeng Vegetable Research Institute in Shanxi Province.
No matter which variety of screw peppers, they all show early maturity or medium-early maturity in growth characteristics, cold resistance, low light resistance, suitability for greenhouse planting, and particularly strong resistance to diseases, especially viral diseases, blight, and anthrax.
This is rare among chili peppers, with good fertility, strong growth, and suitable for planting over winter with continuous fruiting ability, with an output of 4000-6000 kg per mu.
II. Planting Methods of Screw Peppers
1. Arrangement of planting periods for greenhouse screw peppers
Facility-based planting of screw peppers mainly selects two planting periods: early spring and overwintering. The overwintering period is planted from early August to early September and ends by the end of June the following year.
When screw peppers are picked and sold, they are during the New Year and Spring Festival holidays, with relatively high prices and significant planting benefits. The early spring period is planted in the greenhouse from mid-to-late March and ends in September or October, with good management.
2. Land preparation
Apply sufficient manure as a base fertilizer, applying 12-15 cubic meters of decomposed high-quality chicken and cow manure per mu. The root system of screw peppers is strong, so the soil must be deeply cultivated, at least 25 cm deep, to thoroughly mix the manure and soil.
Do not rake after application, but let it sit for a few days. Sunlight can enhance the activity of biological fertilizers, making the fertilizer more effective. About one week before planting, combine raking with the application of 12% superphosphate calcium 100 kg per mu (broadcast application) and compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 75 kg (2/3 broadcast, 1/3 ridged application).
3. Planting
Plant on small high ridges, either in double rows with a row spacing of 70-75 cm and a plant spacing of 40-45 cm, or in single rows with a row spacing of 90-110 cm and a plant spacing of 30-33 cm.
Prevent excessive irrigation, lay drip irrigation tape on the ridges for planting irrigation, and place one on each planting row. Chili seedlings are planted near the water outlet of the drip irrigation, and if there is root disease,杀菌 can be performed by applying multi菌灵 or hymexazole solution through the drip irrigation.
If planting in early spring when the ground temperature is relatively low, cover the planting ridges with mulch to increase the ground temperature. If planting in autumn, do not cover with mulch, as excessive ground temperature can also affect root growth. After planting chili, be sure to water thoroughly.
4. Environmental management from planting to seedling establishment
Chili peppers prefer warmth and are not cold-resistant. During the period from planting to seedling establishment, it is necessary to maintain a relatively high temperature and humidity environment in the greenhouse to promote root growth and development.
Usually, do not open the vents on the day of planting to prevent wind from causing seedling shock. If the greenhouse temperature exceeds 40℃ for a long time (3-4 hours) in the middle of the day, small vents can be opened. Under this high temperature and humidity environment, chili peppers can recover and survive in about 2-3 days.
5. Water and fertilizer management
After planting chili, start seedling setting to promote root growth. If the ridge is not covered with mulch, combine weeding with tillage to loosen the soil.
End seedling setting after fruiting, maintain the soil moist and relatively uniform, frequently water with small amounts, especially during the flowering period, as excessive water or fluctuating soil moisture can easily cause flower and pod drop.
For topdressing, apply a large amount of elemental water-soluble fertilizer (20-10-30+Fe) 5-8 kg per mu, combined with humic acid-based fertilizers 8 kg for root expansion, and apply fertilizers during the peak fruiting period with each watering.
6. Pruning methods
Not only for screw peppers, but for other peppers as well, the pruning method is simple and not strictly required. First, remove all side branches below the gate pepper, remove old and diseased branches from the top, and then depending on the growth situation, you can prune with double, triple, or quadruple stems to maintain balanced growth of the pepper plant, prevent center congestion, and enhance ventilation and light in the field.
7. Harvesting
When the fruit color of screw peppers is green and shiny, harvest them on a sunny morning. After harvesting, they can be directly packed in plastic bags and sold in the market.
The above sharing of where screw peppers are mainly planted in China and the experience and knowledge of planting methods and timing of screw peppers, I hope this article can provide you with some help!