Solanae
The following is an introduction to the Solanae family (tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers) for netizens, including the seed treatment methods for planting Solanae vegetables, followed by an exploration of these methods together.
I. Seed Disinfection
1. Warm Water Soak: First, immerse the seeds in a small amount of cool water, then pour in hot water, measure the temperature with a rod-shaped thermometer, and adjust the water temperature to 55°C. Stir in one direction until the temperature drops to 30°C, then stop stirring. Soak eggplant seeds for 8-12 hours, tomato seeds for 6-8 hours, and pepper seeds for 8-10 hours. After soaking, rub the mucilage off the seed coats of eggplant and pepper seeds with fine sand, separate the seeds with water, and wash them clean before germination. Tomato seeds have villi and after taking them out of the water, you need to squeeze out the water and spread them out to dry a bit before germination.
2. Medicament Soak: Soak Solanae vegetable seeds in a solution of a certain concentration of medication for a certain period of time, then wash the seeds clean of the medication with water before germination. The amount of the solution should be twice the volume of the seeds.
Tomato Seeds
① Soak in a 40% formalin solution diluted 100 times and a 10% trisodium phosphate solution. First pre-soak the seeds in clean water for 3-4 hours, then immerse the wet seeds in the medication for 15-20 minutes, remove them, wrap them in a damp cloth, and place them in a basin, sealing for 2-3 hours. Then wash clean with water and proceed to germination. Formalin disinfection can prevent and control early blight in tomatoes, while trisodium phosphate prevents viral diseases.
② Soaking seeds in a 200-fold dilution of hydrochloric acid for 3 hours can eliminate the tobacco mosaic virus in tomatoes.
③ Soak seeds in warm water at 40°C for 3-4 hours, then move them into a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes. After removing them, wash clean with water to reduce tomato canker and mosaic diseases.
Eggplant Seeds
① Soak in a 1% potassium permanganate solution for 30 minutes, then rinse repeatedly before warm water soaking to eliminate pathogenic bacteria on the surface of the seeds.
② Soak in a 0.1% carbendazim solution for 1 hour, then wash clean before germination. This has a good effect on preventing and controlling Fusarium wilt.
③ Soak seeds in a 40% formalin solution for 15 minutes, then rinse clean with water to prevent eggplant brown spot and Fusarium wilt.
Pepper Seeds
① Soaking in a 10% copper sulfate solution can prevent (T-J) disease and bacterial leaf spot. First, soak in clean water for 4-5 hours, then soak the seeds in the medication for 5 minutes before germination.
② Soak in a 0.2%-0.4% zinc sulfate solution at 20°C-25°C for 12 hours to inhibit the occurrence of pepper virus diseases.
③ After soaking in cold water for 3-4 hours, move to a 50% carbendazim solution diluted 500 times for 1 hour, then rinse with water to kill or purify the pepper virus.
II. Seed Soaking and Germination
1. Seed Soaking.
Soak the seeds in water at 20°C-30°C before germination to allow the seeds to absorb enough water and speed up germination. The duration of soaking varies depending on seed maturity and water temperature. The more mature the seeds, the longer they need to soak, and the lower the water temperature, the longer the soaking time. Generally, tomato seeds need to be soaked for 5-6 hours, pepper seeds for 6-8 hours, and eggplant seeds for 10-12 hours.
2. Germination.
Solanae vegetable seeds require the right temperature, moisture, and oxygen for germination. They prefer darkness, so they should be placed in a dark area. Germination is fastest under conditions of suitable moisture, good ventilation, and temperatures of 25°C-30°C without light. Wrap the soaked seeds in a damp cloth or towel and place them in a large bowl or small basin, washing them with water at 25°C-30°C 1-2 times a day. For tomato seeds, it's best to mix them with 3 times their volume of fine sand, place them in a basin of water, and turn them 1-2 times a day. When the sand is dry, add water. Eggplant seeds require alternating temperatures of 30°C for 8 hours and 20°C for 16 hours for uniform germination. Under normal conditions, tomatoes can germinate in 2-3 days, while eggplants and peppers take 5-6 days.
The above content about the seed treatment methods for planting Solanae (tomatoes, eggplants, and peppers) vegetables is hoped to be helpful to you.