When is the best time to grow peppers?
Share with you the knowledge of when to grow the best green flowers with peppers. Let's take a look next.
Pepper is native to the tropical regions of Central and South America. It is a solanaceae crop that likes temperature, is afraid of cold and avoids waterlogging. According to experimental data from the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, pepper seeds can germinate in the range of-15 - 30 ℃, but-25 - 28 ℃-is the optimal germination temperature. This paper will systematically analyze the optimal time window for pepper planting from three dimensions: climatic zone division, variety differences, and cultivation methods, combined with specific phenological indicators.
###1. Differences in planting time in different climatic zones 1. - - South China's tropical monsoon regions (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan)-It is more appropriate to adopt the "autumn and winter planting" model, that is, sowing from late September to early November. At this time, the typhoon season ends, the average daily temperature stabilizes at 22-26℃, and the harvest period can extend until April of the following year. For example, the sweet capsicum content of Chatian peppers harvested in January in Lingshui area of Hainan is 17% higher than in summer (test data from the 2021 test data of the Hainan Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences). 2. - - Yangtze River Basin (Hunan, Sichuan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang)-Spring plastic film mulch cultivation is suitable for sowing-March 10 -25-, corresponding to a phenological node of 5cm soil temperature that stably passes through 12℃. A comparative test in Xiangyang, Hubei Province in 2023 showed that the yield of pepper sown on March 15 increased by 23% compared with that sown in early April, and the incidence of (T-J) disease was reduced by 40%. 3. - - Huanghuaihai Plain (Shandong, Hebei, Henan)-Protected cultivation can be advanced to mid-to-late February-Nurturing seedlings in a solar greenhouse, using a 50-hole plate combined with an electric heating hotbed to maintain the substrate temperature at 28±1℃. Open field planting needs to ensure that after the final frost day, that is, April 20 to May 5, the ground temperature of 10cm should be ≥15℃. 4. - - Northeast cold areas (Heilongjiang, Jilin)-must be cultivated in protected areas and planted in greenhouses around May 10. Combined with straw bioreactor technology, the rhizosphere temperature can be increased by 2-3℃. A 2022 test by the Vegetable and Flower Research Institute of Jilin Province showed that this method can advance the growth period of peppers by 14 days.## 2. Time adaptation of variety characteristics 1. - - Early-maturing varieties (Hangjiao No. 1, Xiangyan No. 1)-The effective accumulated temperature requirement is about 1800℃·d, and the seedlings can be planted within 60 days. In the Yangtze River Delta region, two seasons of "early spring + late autumn" cultivation can be carried out, with seedlings raised in February for spring stubble and sowing before July 15 for autumn stubble. 2. - - Mid-and late-maturing varieties (Zhangshugang pepper, Guizhou Niujiao pepper)-require accumulated temperature of 2200-2500℃·d, and it is recommended to cultivate in a single season. It is advisable to sow seeds in early April in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau area, and use the stable temperature of 20-28℃ from June to August to complete the fruiting period. 3. - - Processing varieties (Yiduhong, Erjingtiao)-In order to ensure the accumulation of dry matter, the (X-J) production area adopts the "early sowing and late harvesting" strategy. Sowing around April 10 and harvesting at the end of September. The average daily temperature difference during the ripening period can reach more than 15℃, which promotes the precipitation of capsaicin.## 3. Time optimization of new cultivation models 1. - - Water and fertilizer integrated facilities-In the IoT greenhouse promoted in Shouguang, Shandong, annual production is achieved by adjusting the sowing date. Data shows that the flowering and fruit setting rate of peppers sown in November and combined with supplementary light measures increased by 31% compared with conventional planting (2023 report of China Agricultural University). 2. - - Rain shelter cultivation in mountainous areas-The Wuling Mountains will postpone the sowing date to mid-May to avoid the rainy season. Using this method, the incidence of pepper bacterial wilt dropped from 28% to below 7%(monitoring data from the School of Plant Protection, Southwest University). 3. - - Balcony container planting-For family planting, you can choose ornamental varieties with short growth periods (such as Zihua No. 1) and sow them at any time in an environment above 15℃, but it is better to make sure that the temperature during the fruit bearing period is between 18 and 30℃.## Monitoring of key phenological indicators- -Seed germination- -: Ground temperature of 5 cm for 3 consecutive days>12℃--Critical planting- - -: Minimum temperature at night is stable>8℃- -Blooming and fruit setting- -: Average daily temperature 20-28℃ (Flowers are easy to fall above 30℃)- -Color changing period- -: The temperature difference between day and night is greater than 10℃, which is conducive to pigment formation. It is recommended that growers combine local meteorological data in the past 5 years and use the "sliding average temperature for 5 consecutive days" as sowing guidance. For example, in the Chengdu Plain, when the average daily temperature is ≥10℃ for five consecutive days in early March, pepper seedling cultivation can begin. By accurately grasping the farming time, we can effectively avoid the harm of late spring cold and increase planting efficiency by more than 15%(calculated data from the School of Horticulture of Sichuan Agricultural University).
When is the best time to grow the peppers introduced above? For your comprehensive understanding and reference!