What color is jasmine?
For many girls, the introduction of the color of jasmine and the morphological characteristics of the green plant flowers, the following editor will answer in detail for you.
Jasmine has green leaves, white flowers, and a strong fragrance. It is a common garden and ornamental aromatic flower. Potted jasmine can decorate the room, fresh and pleasant, and can also be processed into wreaths and other decorations. The yellow and fragrant white flowers of the deciduous vines are one of the best ways to decorate the indoor environment.
I. Introduction
1. Morphological characteristics
Jasmine is an evergreen shrub, about 1 meter high, with gray-brown bark at the base of the branches, thin branches, green tender branches, slightly pubescent. The leaves are single, opposite, glossy, elliptical to obovate or ovate, entire, with obtuse or short apices, rounded or cuneate bases, 1.5-7.5 cm long and 1.1-3.5 cm wide. The petioles are short, generally 0.2-1.5 cm long, upwardly curved, slightly pubescent. The cymose inflorescence is terminal or axillary, each with 3-9 flowers, the buds are greenish white when immature, and the mature buds are light white. The corolla is white, 2-5 cm in diameter, with a strong fragrance, usually double, deeply lobed 7-17 petals, round to oblong, 3.5 cm long. The stamens are 3-5 cm long, inserted on the inside of the corolla tube, with 1 pistil, the ovary is superior, the style often extends out of the corolla mouth, the stigma is 2-lobed, lanate, light green, usually not fruiting, flowering period is generally from June to October every year.
2. Biological characteristics
Jasmine is originally a subtropical plant, prefers warm and humid climate conditions, is cold and drought resistant, needs to be in an environment above 5 degrees Celsius in winter to survive safely, at 0 degrees Celsius, there is a slight frost, at minus 3 degrees Celsius, the branches will be frozen and withered, with 25-35 degrees Celsius as the most suitable growth temperature. Jasmine requires sufficient water and a humid climate throughout its growing period, with the best growth conditions when the monthly rainfall is 250-270 mm and the relative humidity is 80%-90%. In conditions of water shortage and dry climate, the growth of new shoots is inhibited, resulting in a significant decrease in fresh flower yield.
Jasmine is a positive plant. If the light is insufficient during the growing period, it will affect growth and flower yield. Generally, in hot, humid, and well-lit seasons, the buds are the most fragrant, and the essential oil content is also high.茉莉花属于阳性植物，在生长期的时候，如果光照不充足，就会影响到生长和产花量。一般在炎热、潮湿和光照充足的季节，花苞香最浓，精油含量也很高。一般在定植后的第2年，茉莉花即可开花，3-6年生的茉莉花开花量最高。茉莉花从花蕾形成到花朵开放，大约需要15天左右。花为聚伞花序，顶端的1朵花先开放，其次为两侧的同时开放，当4朵花同时开放的时候，形成每次花产量的高峰，一般可持续1周左右，尤以5-6月或6-7月出现的2次高峰，花产量最多。
II. Jasmine Daily Maintenance Skills
1. Potting
For potted jasmine, the growing soil should be rich in organic matter and have good water permeability and ventilation. Generally, a mixture of 4 parts field soil, 4 parts manure, 2 parts river sand or corn cob ash, plus an appropriate amount of thoroughly decomposed cake meal, chicken manure, etc., and screen out the powder and coarse particles, with coarse particles at the bottom and top. The most suitable time for potting is from April to May every year, before the new shoots germinate, and we should choose pots of appropriate size according to the size of the seedlings.
When potting jasmine, hold the seedling with one hand and fill the potting soil with the other hand. After the soil covers all the roots, slightly lift the plant to make the soil and roots closely contact. Then press the potting soil with your hands, leaving a distance of 3 cm from the soil surface to the pot edge for watering. After the jasmine plant is planted, water the roots and then place it in a slightly shaded place for 7-10 days, avoiding direct sunlight, and gradually expose it to light. According to the characteristics of jasmine, which prefers moisture, is not resistant to drought,害怕积水, and prefers ventilation, master the watering time and amount. By June and July, it can bloom. At this time, the root system of the plant has returned to normal growth, water with thin alum fertilizer water every 7-10 days, and from then on, we can manage it according to the mature jasmine plant, and no need to change the pot that year.
2. Winter Maintenance
When the minimum temperature outside drops to 6-7 degrees Celsius, we must move the potted flowers into a sunlit room. The minimum temperature at night during the whole winter should reach 12-15 degrees Celsius, and the maximum temperature during the day should be 18-20 degrees Celsius. In addition, we need to pay attention to proper ventilation, otherwise it is easy to cause leaf fall and root rot. Generally, open the windows for ventilation for 1-2 hours at noon on sunny days. In winter, we should water moderately, water when the pot soil is hard, and keep the pot soil slightly moist, generally watering once every 7 days. Due to the low temperature in the northern region in winter, jasmine is in a semi-dormant state, and fertilization should be stopped.
3. Maintenance during the Growing Season
Jasmine likes fertilizer and water. During the growing season, we must pay attention to keep the potting soil moist. In April and May, when jasmine is in the period of shooting and leaves, the water consumption is not large, and it can be watered every 2-3 days, with the best time to water being around noon; from May to June every year is the spring flowering period of jasmine, and the watering can be slightly more; in the hot summer from June to August, it is the peak flowering period of jasmine, with strong sunlight and high water consumption, it is necessary to water twice a day, morning and evening. In dry weather, we should also spray water on the leaves and the ground around the pot. Since茉莉花既不耐干旱，又怕渍涝, we must avoid waterlogging in the pot. When the temperature drops in autumn, it can be reduced to watering once every 1-2 days.
Jasmine likes fertilizer, especially during the long flowering period, it requires a large amount of fertilizer and prefers acidic soil. It can be watered with a 1:10 ratio of alum fertilizer water once a week. After the first flowering, it is suitable to use soybean cake, etc. as topdressing, applied to the surface of the soil, and during flowering, bone meal and phosphate fertilizer can be applied as needed. In places with conditions, decomposed human manure can be watered, which can make the jasmine flowers more fragrant. During the high temperature period of flowering, it is necessary to fertilize once every 4 days, and it is advisable to "apply a lot of fertilizer and water", generally watering in the morning and fertilizing in the evening, and watering the next day, which is conducive to root absorption. The fertilizer should not be too concentrated, otherwise it is prone to root rot. Before watering, we can slightly loosen the potting soil with a small spade and then water, and do not fertilize when the potting soil is too dry or too wet.
4. Pruning and Shortening
For jasmine with new shoots, we should appropriately remove the top of the main branches, branches, and flower buds, leaving 3-4 pairs of leaves when picking. Winter pruning is generally carried out from December to early January of the following year, first large pruning, then small pruning, that is, cut off the upper branches about 20 cm from the ground, and then move the large pruning position 3 cm upward from the previous pruning position each year, and burn the cut dried branches and leaves in a centralized manner, and the strong branches can be used for seedling.
Shortening is generally carried out in February, before the flower buds appear, cutting off the top sealing branches and luxurious branches of the jasmine tree, leaving only 2-3 pairs of leaves. After that, it is necessary to shorten after harvesting each bundle of flowers, requiring the branches not to fall over. After shaping, the plant forms a wavy crown and ensures that all parts of the crown have sufficient light, which is beneficial for the formation of flower buds and the formation of a tree crown立体状 flowering, enhancing ornamental value.
5. Pest and Disease Control
Jasmine is easily affected by pests such as red spiders and scale insects. Therefore, we should pay attention to observation in daily life, and once pest damage is found, we should control it in time with trichlorfon. The leaf spot disease of茉莉花是茉莉植株的一种常见病害, generally occurs from May to June and peaks from July to August. At the beginning of the disease,淡褐色斑点 appear on the infected leaves, gradually expanding to the surrounding area, the diseased part becomes thin and transparent, round or irregular in shape, the diseased part becomes thin, translucent, and brown, and the edges of the lesions are distinct. Finally, black granular substances appear on the lesions. During the outbreak period, spray 65% zinc omethoate wettable powder 600-800 times liquid or 75% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid every 10-14 days, and continue to use for 3-4 times.
III.开花期调控
After the dormancy of the entire winter, the jasmine around Qingming has begun to grow. At this time, we need to cut the branches. Generally, jasmine grows 5 batches of branches a year, the first batch is strong and powerful, the second batch is slightly weaker, the third batch is even weaker, and the fourth and fifth batches are very weak. If the weak leaves and branches are cut, the nutrients will be concentrated in the middle, and the flowers will bloom earlier. So, how to make茉莉花多开花? First of all, we must do a good job in picking the buds. Around Xiaoman, the new shoots are sprouting and accompanying the first flower buds. Due to the low temperature and large temperature difference between day and night, the flower buds often develop poorly and the flowers are small. In order to fully promote the sprouting of new shoots and gestate more and better flower buds, we should timely cut these weak buds at the position of the third pair of leaves below them. For branches that only grow leaves and no flower buds, the tops should also be cut. This operation usually causes multiple new branches to sprout from the cutting position, in order to achieve the purpose of more flowering.
In addition, when the flower buds of each batch are the size of green beans and the first flower just shows white, do not water temporarily, keep the pot soil slightly dry, wait until the tender leaves and flower buds of the plant droop, and then water. This can make the nutrients and water supply concentrated to the flowering branches, thereby causing more flowering.
IV.茉莉花繁殖方式
The propagation method of茉莉花 is mainly cutting, and it can also be propagated by layering and dividing plants. Cutting propagation is generally carried out from April to October every year, but the survival rate is highest in April and September. We can cut 1-year-old semi-woody branches, cut them into插穗 with 3-4 nodes, and remove the lower leaves, and insert them into the插床 mixed evenly with 1 part mature soil and 2 parts fine sand, and often spray water to promote moisture retention, or cover with film for moisture retention. Then, place it in a cool growing environment, and it can take root and grow after about 1.5 months. In order to promote root formation and improve survival rate, we can soak the插穗 lower end in the rooting solution for 10 minutes before cutting.
Conclusion: By doing the above points of maintenance management and reasonable fertilization and water management, there will be no problems such as luxurious growth, leaf fall, and root rot, and the jasmine you raise can be full of flowers. The reason why茉莉花 only grows branches and leaves and does not bloom is mainly due to excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer and insufficient light, which requires special attention.
The above sharing of the color of jasmine and the specific introduction of the morphological characteristics of jasmine, hoping to bring some flower knowledge to green plant enthusiasts.