Attention is needed when orchids sprout
The editor will tell you about the topic of knowledge about orchids, a plant of the Orchidaceae family. Attention is needed when orchids sprout. Next, the site editor will introduce to the netizens.
I. It is the common wish of orchid growers to make orchids sprout well. The author temporary throws a brick to attract jade and talks about a little personal experience for communication with orchid friends.
(1) Sunshine. Sufficient light is the primary condition for orchids to sprout. Orchids lacking light not only sprout slowly but also have thin and weak new buds, which are prone to diseases. The methods to create lighting conditions include: one is that the shading of the orchid garden must be moderate, and the other is to enhance the light for orchids at appropriate stages, commonly known as "sunbathing the pot". Specific operations can start to expose to more sunlight after the Spring Festival when the temperature gradually warms up. By the end of March, when the temperature is below 20℃, full sunlight can be adopted. Afterward, for Cymbidium goeringii, a layer of shading net can be covered when the temperature is above 20℃, two layers when it is above 30℃. For Cymbidium Sweep, full sunlight can be accepted before the end of May, a layer of shading net when the temperature reaches 30℃, and two layers when it is above 35℃. Adjust the shading degree throughout the year according to the season and temperature to allow orchids to maximize sunlight exposure and store enough vitality.
(2) Temperature. The most suitable temperature for orchid growth is between 20℃ and 25℃, and growth is slow below 8℃ and above 30℃. Therefore, if we want orchids to sprout more and grow robustly, we need to avoid or shorten the space and time that is unfavorable for the growth of orchid seedlings. Conditions permitting, a glass greenhouse can be built, using air conditioners or water curtains to adjust the room temperature, creating a small environment for orchids to avoid heat and cold. Without conditions, methods such as warming with plastic greenhouses, watering or sprinkling water on the ground of the orchid field, or installing fans to cool down can be used to adjust the temperature.
If suitable temperatures can be maintained, the new orchid buds of the year will grow normally in all seasons, the new seedlings can sprout again in autumn, and grow into large seedlings in the same year.
(3) Water (humidity). Orchids have pseudobulbs to store water and are relatively drought-resistant plants, but water is also very important for their growth. More timely, sufficient but not excessive water is needed during the sprouting period of orchids to promote the growth of new buds. Many beginners wait for the potting soil to become white and hard before watering, which is harmful to the germination of orchids. It is best to master the moderate amount, and it is suitable to water in time when the potting soil is slightly moist, the upper part is dry, the lower part is damp, and not completely dry.
The principle of watering orchids is: more watering during the growing period, less during the dormant period; more for thin leaves, less for thick leaves; more for vigorous growth, less for weak growth. In general, it is necessary to keep the potting soil moist during the sprouting period and avoid the pot being too dry.
(4) Ventilation. Fresh air is very important for the healthy growth of orchids. Not only should the orchid room pay attention to the circulation of air, but the potting soil should also pay attention to maintaining good breathability. It is best to use Xian soil, broken bricks, weathered rock, etc., to make granular orchid soil, which is more conducive to orchid sprouting.
(5) Fertilization. Orchids need to be施足 base fertilizer in deep autumn. Top dressing should be applied appropriately in early spring. Before germination, a moderate amount of germination hormone can be used to increase the germination rate of orchids. Common preparations include germination hormone, Xiduolan, Shoushanghao, Huabao, Lanjunwang, etc., and use according to the instructions. Many orchid friends reflect that using Zhizhenquan diluted spray on leaves in the first half of the year and using Zhixiang particles buried in the surface soil in the second half of the year, following the watering to追肥, can make orchid buds sprout more and the seedlings grow strong.
Management of莲瓣兰
Lotus orchids are adaptable, can resist the hot sun and cold snow, which is one of their characteristics. The second characteristic is their strong disease resistance and high germination rate (generally 70%-80%); the third is thin leaves and hard herbs, large flowers, and long flowering period; the fourth is various flower shapes and faint fragrance.
Orchids need a damp and ventilated natural environment. After falling mountains, people build orchid gardens suitable for their growth. For large-scale planting, it is necessary to build steamed bun-shaped greenhouses, cover them with black shading nets with a shading degree of 60%-80%, and prepare mobile plastic greenhouses to prevent frost, snow, and rain. Courtyard cultivation needs to be moved indoors for maintenance according to the season.
The placement of orchid pots is better in several methods such as building platforms, setting up shelves, and hanging cultivation. In addition to wooden shelves, shelf methods also include aluminum shelves, steel shelves, angle iron shelves, etc. The greenhouse needs to have three passages (road passage, water passage, and electricity passage), with everywhere having a passage for people to walk through for easy management of each orchid pot. There should also be a passage for people on the side near the wall, allowing for four-sided ventilation. Water passage can be automatically sprayed and watered. It is best to have a drainage groove on the ground and then support the orchid shelves. Electricity passage can be used for lighting or controlling pests at night, and an ultraviolet sterilization lamp can also be installed.
The preparation of cultivation soil can be determined according to specific conditions. My soil mixing ratio is: 60% humus soil, 30% raw red soil, mixed with 10% fine river sand. All materials need to be disinfected (including orchid pots, soil shovels, padding materials, and pot covering materials).
First, put 1/3 padding materials at the bottom of the pot, which must be loose. It is best to use corn cob upright and side assembly, and pad one or two layers of橡 on top to prevent the cultivation soil from blocking the gaps of the padding material. In places without these conditions, padding materials can be replaced with plastic foam, broken tiles. After arranging the orchid roots neatly in the center of the pot, hold the orchid bundle with your left hand, fill the prepared cultivation soil around, then lift the roots to check if the filled soil is loose. Finally, cover the pot surface with covering materials (such as moss) and it can enter normal management.
II. Cultivation Techniques for Building Orchids
(1) Pot selection
It is better to use rough-textured orchid pots without upper axes, with more holes on the edges and bottom, and with pot feet. Thin plastic soft pots are the most economical for large-scale production. For display purposes, tall and short pots are convenient for fitting into elegant pots for display.
(2) Preparation of planting materials
The planting materials should be selected with loose granular structure, rich in organic matter, good breathability, strong drainage performance, conducive to the activity of aerobic microorganisms, and enhancing the symbiosis of orchid bacteria. The following mixed materials can be used: 40% humus soil, 40% charred soil, 20% coarse sand; 30%香菇泥土, 30% charred soil, 25% coarse sand, 15% rice husk; 40% humus soil, 40% coarse sand, 20% rice husk.
(3) Planting orchid plants
(1) Seedling treatment
After digging up orchid seedlings, rinse the mud and sand on the root system, remove leafless pseudobulbs, and cut off diseased and rotten roots. Before planting, the seedlings should be soaked in a 2000-fold dilution of Tobujin or Kegasai for half an hour, then rinsed clean with water and placed in a ventilated place to dry the water before planting.
(2) Planting
If there is only 1-2 clusters of plants, they can be planted in the center of the pot. If there are multiple clusters in the pot, the old stems should face the pot and the new stems face the pot edge to increase the germination rate and growth space of the new stems. When planting, put the coarsest planting material into the pot until 15% of the pot's height, arrange the orchid roots evenly, prevent the orchid roots from breaking, slowly fill in the fine planting material until 95% of the pot's height, tap and shake to make the fine planting material closely adhere to the orchid roots, with the height of the fine planting material in the orchid pot being about 90%, making it convenient for watering. The base of the orchid (pseudobulb) should be semi-exposed on the pot surface, giving it more opportunities to receive natural sunlight and fresh air.
(2) Maintenance management
1. Control light and reduce temperature. The suitable annual average temperature for the growth of building orchids is between 15-23℃. In hot summers, use 70-80% plastic shading nets to reduce temperature.
2. High temperature promotion and reduction
Due to excessive light, high temperatures should be reduced by increasing the layers and density of shading; in the hot summer and autumn seasons, with strong light,闷热 air, and high temperatures, windows and doors should be opened to allow thorough air circulation in the orchid field to promote temperature reduction. Sprinkling water in passages, under shelves, and spraying water mist in indoor spaces can also promote temperature reduction.
3. Moisture retention and ventilation
The humidity and ventilation of the orchid field should be adjusted to the most reasonable state to benefit the growth of orchids. To maintain air humidity, advanced fully automatic humidifiers can be used, or water mist can be sprayed in spaces, passages, and under shelves. Maintaining the humidity of the matrix should be adjusted according to light, humidity, ventilation, and other conditions. For soil cultivation, water once every 2-4 days, adhere to "drier is better than wetter", and water at appropriate times depending on the local conditions. Wild orchids originate from mountainous and valley areas, with four sides open but shaded by forests and grass, often吹拂 by gentle breezes, and growing in an environment with fresh air. Therefore, the orchid field also needs to create these conditions for orchid growth. For orchid fields with poor ventilation, windows and doors should be opened to promote air circulation.
4. Keep warm and prevent frost
Building orchids can only tolerate short-term and intermittent low temperatures of -2 to -5℃ under protective conditions against wind and frost. Therefore, greenhouses should be kept warm in winter, and heating equipment can be used if conditions allow.
5. Fertilization
Adopt measures suitable for orchids, determine fertilization based on seedling conditions, prefer thin fertilization over thick fertilization, and apply fertilizers at the right time. Dry fertilizers include: bovine bone meal (containing nitrogen 4%, phosphorus 22.06%), wood ash (phosphorus 1.04%, potassium 6.41%), cake fertilizer (nitrogen 7%, phosphorus 1.32%, potassium 2.12%), and mixed with charred soil as alternating fertilizers, at least 4 times a year in the pot. Liquid fertilizers can be made from filtered and diluted organic matter fertilizers, urea, monopotassium phosphate, or special orchid fertilizers alternating as topdressings or foliar applications, generally every 15 days. When foliar spraying, spray clean water on the leaves one day before and after to wash away dust and fertilizer residue.
Fertilization time includes:
① Germination fertilizer (late spring to early summer): apply dry fertilizer once or twice, foliar spray 10 days apart, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizers to promote the growth of stems and leaves above ground and the expansion of roots underground.
② Development fertilizer (late summer to early autumn): when new bud leaves elongate and emerge, promote the health of new buds, mainly nitrogen fertilizers, apply frequently and thinly, after the new buds open leaves, use potassium fertilizers to promote strong seedlings, spray monopotassium phosphate once a week.
③ Flower promotion fertilizer: when new shoots no longer grow and enter the flower bud differentiation stage, use phosphorus-based fertilizers, apply dry fertilizers twice and foliar spray once a week.
④ In late autumn to early winter, from Cold Dew to the beginning of winter, orchids will enter the dormant period, apply dry fertilizers once and liquid fertilizers twice, foliar spray every 10 days to ensure safe overwintering, contain cream and raise beautiful orchids, and improve the germination rate in the following spring.
The detailed content about the attention needed when orchids sprout has been described above, hoping to help you!