How orchids are pollinated
As an elegant representative of the plant world, the artificial breeding of orchids has always been the focus of attention for gardening enthusiasts. Its unique reproductive system not only displays the wisdom of nature but also conceals the secrets of cultivation. This article will delve into the mysteries of orchid pollination and the key technologies of seed germination, helping you master the core essentials of orchid plant breeding.
Analysis of the dual mechanism of orchid pollination
Ecological code of natural pollination
Orchid plants have evolved an exquisite insect-mediated pollination system: the labellum serves as a landing platform to guide insects, the columnar embrace structure ensures accurate pollination, and aromatic substances and nectar glands constitute a double temptation. However, the success rate of natural pollination is only about 7%, which makes artificial intervention necessary.
Standard operation of artificial pollination
Select pollen blocks 72-96 hours after flowering, use a sterilized forceps to remove the anther cover, and transfer the pollen mass to the stigma cavity of the target flower. Maintain an environmental temperature of 25-28°C during operation, with humidity controlled between 65%-75%, which can increase the fruiting rate by 80%. It is necessary to note that there are differences in stigma acceptance periods among different orchid genera (such as Cymbidium and Phalaenopsis).
Comparison of orchid seed germination techniques
Traditional technique of inoculating with fungi
This method utilizes the symbiotic microbial community of the mother plant: ① Select plump capsules, activate with 40°C warm water for 10 hours; ② Use the surface of the mother plant pot as a播种 bed, cover with a 2mm layer of moss matrix; ③ Maintain a constant temperature of 22-25°C and a shading rate of 60%. The protocorm can be formed in about 8 weeks, with a seedling formation rate of 35%, but there is a risk of fungal imbalance.
Modern technique of aseptic sowing
It is necessary to configure MS medium, with key steps including: ① Sterilize seeds in a super clean bench (treated with 0.1% HgCl₂ for 8 minutes); ② Adjust the pH value of the medium to 5.8 precisely; ③ Set the light cycle in the culture room to 12h/25°C + 12h/22°C. This technique can increase the germination rate to 85%, but requires an investment in equipment worth tens of thousands.
Mastering the dual technical system of orchid propagation can not only experience the fun of traditional gardening but also practice modern tissue culture technology. It is recommended for beginners to start with inoculating with fungi and gradually upgrade to aseptic culture. Regularly observe changes in temperature and humidity, establish a planting log, and you can harvest the joy of propagation in the cycle of orchid life.