An introduction to the orchid family of plants, focusing on the topic of orchid vernalization. Let's delve into the details together.
Orchid vernalization refers to the low-temperature process that orchids must undergo during their reproductive growth period. During this time, the orchid's growth virtually stops, and it accumulates nutrients in the form of dry matter to supply the flower buds. This process is crucial for promoting the growth of flower buds. The duration of vernalization varies greatly depending on the region, as detailed below.
Different orchid varieties have different temperature requirements for vernalization. For example, Cymbidium, Chysis, and Phalaenopsis do not require artificial low-temperature vernalization to bloom naturally. However, for Phalaenopsis, the temperature range from bud formation to flowering, and even during the flowering period, should ideally be between 10-15 degrees Celsius. Temperatures that are too low or too high can easily lead to aborted or deformed flower buds. Even if they manage to open, the quality of the flowers is usually far from ideal, and their charm is significantly reduced.
Many orchid enthusiasts wonder when is the best time to vernalize orchids with flower buds? For those in orchid-producing areas, they can simply follow nature's course, except for those who aim to control flowering for exhibitions. For those in northern regions, timing is crucial. Generally, when the flower bud has emerged 3-4 centimeters from the soil and has stopped growing taller, with slightly rounded development, vernalization can begin as long as the temperature is appropriate (4-10 degrees Celsius).
The ideal temperature for vernalization is between 4-10 degrees Celsius. Temperatures that are too low or too high can affect the growth and bud formation of the flower. The humidity should not be too high, as it can lead to rotting roots and flower buds. Therefore, it is best to keep the conditions slightly dry and delay watering.
The duration of vernalization is for reference by orchid enthusiasts. Of course, the more thorough the vernalization, the better. Generally, spring orchids require 30-40 days of vernalization. In the Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan areas, the requirements for spring orchid vernalization are lower and relatively easier, with some able to bloom normally without vernalization. In the Jiangsu and Zhejiang areas, it is better to extend the vernalization period due to geographical and climatic factors. For spring daggers and lotus petals, 40-50 days is ideal, while for Huai orchids and spring orchids, it is best to exceed 60 days. To achieve the desired nutrient accumulation for vernalization, a foliar application of potassium dihydrogen phosphate at a concentration of 1000 times can be applied before vernalization begins. This promotes nutrient accumulation, resulting in larger and more colorful flowers. During the vernalization period, avoid applying nitrogen fertilizer, as the low temperatures make it difficult for orchid seedlings to absorb nitrogen fertilizer, which can easily cause root damage and rot.
After vernalization, water thoroughly (avoiding water entering the flower buds, causing rot), and place the orchid pot in a location with a temperature of around 15 degrees Celsius for 1-2 days, then transfer it to a normal room temperature. This can effectively prevent thermal aborting or rotting of flower buds due to sudden temperature increases. After transferring to a normal room temperature (18-24 degrees Celsius), the flower stalks usually grow rapidly (except for some varieties), and flowering occurs within 5-15 days.
Watering after vernalization should be adjusted according to different substrates. For flower forms such as荷花 (lotus), 梅花 (plum), and 水仙花 (narcissus), and colored flowers such as red, golden yellow, and pink, it is best to avoid making the substrate too wet 7 days before and after flowering. Slightly drier conditions are ideal for flowering, as it results in a better form and color. Otherwise, the petals will quickly stretch out, fade in color, and the fragrance will decrease (for colored flowers, it is best to keep the temperature slightly lower after vernalization for a better color). For odd flowers, especially those with many petals, it is the opposite; keeping them slightly moist is better. Insufficient water can cause some small petals to appear dehydrated and lackluster when flowering, while adequate water supply will make them bloom more beautifully.
This brief discussion is hoping to help new orchid enthusiasts. Any shortcomings are welcome to be corrected by experienced orchid growers.
The specific content on orchid vernalization provided above is for everyone's reference and operation.