Banyan Seedling Breeding New Technology
Do you know these? Knowledge about banyan propagation, new technology for breeding banyan seedlings, details are as follows:
Banyan is an evergreen plant of the mulberry family, with a graceful and large tree crown and aerial roots that can form a forest with a single tree. It is shade-tolerant and sun-tolerant, as well as moisture-tolerant and drought-resistant. There are many varieties, it is easy to shape, and it is an excellent species for soil and water conservation, urban greening, and bonsai making. Here are some new technologies for breeding banyan seedlings:
I. Banyan Seed Breeding Technology
Using seeds to breed banyan seedlings is simple and easy, with a large amount of seedlings and strong growth. Every year from September to October, during the late autumn season, collect the mature black fruits from the previous year's banyan trees, wrap them in double-layer gauze, and wash them in water repeatedly until the flesh and pulp are completely washed off, leaving only the seeds. Spread them out to dry (do not expose to sunlight) and then store them in a bag made of cloth or paper in a well-ventilated and dry place. Take out the seeds in January or February of the following year, or from May to June, expose them to the sun for two days, and then evenly broadcast the fine seeds on a water-saturated sand bed. Cover with a thin layer of plastic film in a small arch shed. In about half a month, the seedlings will emerge, gradually expose them to the breeze to harden them, and when the seedlings grow to 5 cm, they can be transplanted appropriately based on the density of the seedlings. When they grow to 30 cm, they can be planted. In most areas of Yunnan, prevent spring frost and cold damage before mid-March. In the low-temperature valleys, some banyan seeds will also mature in early April, which can be collected, washed, dried, and then broadcast on a moist and moderately shaded sand bed, which can also successfully sprout.猝倒 disease is prone to occur during the seedling stage of banyan seedlings, which can be prevented and treated with carbendazim, Bordeaux mixture, etc.
II. Banyan Seedling Cutting Propagation Technology
Cutting propagation can shorten the breeding time of banyan seedlings and use pruning waste branches to cultivate seedlings. In the Yunnan region, with distinct wet and dry seasons, protected cutting propagation of banyan seedlings is suitable 20 days before the beginning of spring (January 1st), and open-field cutting propagation is suitable between Grain Rain and the Great Heat season. Select branches 1-3 years old and 1-5 cm in diameter from the outer part of young and strong trees, or use one-year-old robust branches from the stumps after heavy pruning of large trees. Cut the branches into segments 20-100 cm long, with the lower part cut diagonally and the upper part cut flat, remove 90% of the branches and leaves, tie the upper cut and the removed branches with plastic film tightly, and soak the base in a 5/10000 naphthalene acetic acid or 1/10000 ABT1 rooting powder solution for 1 hour before immediate cutting into the sand bed. The sand layer of the cutting sand bed should be thicker than that of the seed breeding sand bed, generally 10 cm thick. The cuttings are generally inserted 5-8 cm into the sand layer to allow the cuttings to root in the sand layer and quickly penetrate into the nutrient soil layer. After cutting, focus on shading and controlling temperature and humidity management for new bud germination and before and after root formation.
III. Banyan High Branch Layering Technology
High branch layering can rapidly propagate large-sized banyan seedlings. The rainy season is the period of vigorous root growth for banyan trees, and it is easiest to root around the Dragon Boat Festival in June. Select a suitable position on the outer branches of young and strong trees (usually at a branch diameter of 1-10 cm), cut 1/5-1/3 of the bark layer deep into the xylem, fill the injured position with thick and anti-aging plastic film or straw mat, and fill it with moist fine river sand or river sand mixed with sawdust, etc. Wrap the injured position with a light-weight filling material in the range of the branch's load-bearing capacity to make the pressure tube root system developed. The following spring, saw off the packaging material at the bottom to obtain high-branch layering seedlings, which can be directly transplanted. When transplanting, cut off 2/3 of the leaves, apply sufficient pond fertilizer, water thoroughly, and cover with plastic film for planting. Treating the injured wrapping position during layering and the roots during transplanting with a rooting powder solution will yield better results. If the high-branch layering seedlings have few roots or are not transplanted temporarily, they can be假植 in the seedling bed for a period of time before transplanting.
IV. Banyan Grafting Technology
Banyan grafting is widely used in rapid variety replacement, rapid making of banyan盆景, and rapid rejuvenation of aging large trees. The suitable period for banyan grafting is from the beginning of January to the end of July (from Grain Rain to the Great Heat season). When grafting, the rootstock is cut at an appropriate position, the lower branches and buds are removed while some old leaves are retained, and then robust one-year-old branches with leaves from the surrounding area of young and strong trees are used as scions. For early spring grafting, select branches with swollen terminal buds about to germinate, and for high-temperature summer grafting, remove the over-tender top part, tie the top with plastic film, remove 2/3 of the leaves, and use methods such as cleft grafting, bark grafting, or side grafting. After grafting, wrap the grafting site tightly with a plastic film strip, apply an appropriate amount of clay mud as a moisturizing material, cover the scion and grafting site with a plastic bag, and tie the plastic bag opening near the trunk to keep it moist. After grafting, promptly remove the rootstock buds, leaving only old leaves, and remove the moisturizing plastic bag after the scion has germinated and survived. Remove the plastic strip wrapping the grafting site after the grafting wound has healed. Banyan grafting is different from other deciduous tree grafting because it involves grafting with leaves and requires a plastic bag to keep the moisture.
V. Banyan Induced Air Root Technology
By inducing air roots, banyan trees can strengthen their tree vigor, accelerate growth, and form a unique spectacle of a single tree creating a forest. Around the Dragon Boat Festival when the rainy season is approaching, cut a wound on the tree trunk where air roots need to be induced, reaching the xylem, select the location where the banyan air roots are to be induced into the soil, and then find a sturdy dragon bamboo, cut it into a section equal to the distance between the air root induction point and the soil entry point, split it in half to remove the internal nodes, and bind the two halves tightly to form a hollow bamboo tube. Fill the bamboo tube with moist fine river sand, and then fix both ends of the bamboo tube at the soil entry point and the air root induction point. Water the top of the bamboo tube during prolonged drought. By the following spring, the air roots have been induced and grown, and the bamboo tube can be removed or left to decompose naturally.
VI. Rapid Propagation of Large-sized Banyan Seedling Technology
Banyan seedlings have a bulbous radish-like root that can form thousands of roots when exposed to the soil and can form roots when entering the soil. Many roots tied together can form a single root, and many stems tied together can form a single stem. Moreover, the radish root grows much faster than the trunk. Using this characteristic, it is possible to accelerate the seedling formation speed of large-sized banyan seedlings by at least 3 times, significantly shortening the breeding time. The specific method is: select a loose and fertile plot, deeply turn and level the soil and apply sufficient base fertilizer. Choose ordinary brick and tile pots with the same or similar diameter as the desired large-sized banyan seedlings (usually 20-30 cm in diameter), select small banyan seedlings with roots that can fit in the pot (usually 1-3 cm in diameter) and plant them in the pot. Then place the pot with the seedling in the seedling bed, cultivating seedlings with a diameter of 20-25 cm, with a general spacing of 2.5×2.5 meters. It is not advisable to move the pot seedlings, but other crops or seedlings can be intercropped in the first few years of seedling raising. Pot seedlings placed in the seedling bed should be covered with soil around the pot, with a thickness of 2/3 of the pot height to the pot edge. For pot seedlings planted in the seedling bed, the planting depth is the same as the thickness of the soil covering the pot seedlings. After half a year of vigorous growth, cut off the main stem near the pot soil, select 3-5 branches to cultivate into a natural open shape main branch, and do a good job of daily water and fertilizer management, preventing the banyan roots from growing out of the pot edge.
Planting banyan seedlings with this method, the roots will fill the pot in the first year, the roots will clump together in the second and third years, and by the fourth and fifth years, the clumped multiple roots will merge into a single root, and one root will grow out of the bottom of the pot and form another root system in the seedling bed. Before the seedlings are sold, remove the broken pot and remove the surrounding soil from the section of the root that has merged into a single root from many rootlets, leaving it exposed in the air to form the tree diameter.
Planting several banyan seedlings or several branches of a single banyan tree tied together can also accelerate the formation of large-sized banyan seedlings, but the effect is slightly less than that of the pot method.
Using the conventional method of letting banyan seedlings grow naturally, it usually takes 15-16 years to cultivate large-sized seedlings of 20-25 cm. Using the above pot method, the same specification of banyan seedlings can be cultivated in just 5-6 years, and it can increase the seedling bed density, cultivate the desired tree shape, and the young seedlings are vigorous and strong, solving the problem of weak tree vigor that cannot be restored after large tree transplantation.
Banyan branches are very flexible. By appropriately increasing the seedling density during seedling raising, applying nitrogenous fertilizer during the spring and summer growing season, and pruning lateral branches, it is possible to cultivate徒长 seedlings. Several徒长 seedlings can be woven into various flower baskets, and by peeling the bark of the two branches that are close to each other in the weaving joint, several seedlings can merge into one, forming a unique landscape with thousands of branches merging into a trunk, and it is difficult to distinguish between branches and trunks. Bending a single or several徒长 seedlings into blessings or auspicious words and fixing them with wire can cultivate various "character bonsai." Using the bulbous radish-like root of the seedling, combined with branch and leaf shaping, can cultivate "参榕" bonsai.
The above sharing of the complete introduction to the new technology for breeding banyan seedlings is for everyone to learn and understand!