Chrysanthemum Planting Techniques and Cultivation Management
Today, we will introduce the knowledge of chrysanthemum planting techniques, cultivation management, and a full process explanation of chrysanthemum planting in the field of green plants and flowers. Next, let's learn about it together.
Chrysanthemum Cultivation and Management Techniques
Chrysanthemum is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Compositae family. It is not only suitable for ornamental purposes but can also be used as medicine, with effects such as dispelling wind and heat, clearing liver and improving eyesight, and anti-inflammatory and detoxifying. Regular consumption of chrysanthemum tea can regulate cardiac function and lower cholesterol. The economic benefits of planting chrysanthemum over a certain area are considerable.
1 Requirements for Growing Environment
Chrysanthemum prefers a warm climate and a sunny environment, can tolerate cold but not drought. It is a short-day plant and can bloom early under short-day conditions. Chrysanthemum germinates in spring, grows vegetatively in summer, blooms in autumn, and overwinters underground in winter. The optimal growth temperature is between 18°C and 21°C, with a maximum of 32°C and a minimum of 10°C.
2 Cultivation Techniques
2.1 Land selection and preparation. Chrysanthemum is not strict about soil requirements, but waterlogging, salinity, and alkaline land are not suitable for planting. After selecting the land, it needs to be carefully prepared to achieve a good harvest. First, deeply plow the soil 20 to 25 cm, and apply 2,000 to 2,500 kg of compost or decomposed manure per mu as a base fertilizer. Then level and rake the soil, and create high ridges 120 to 130 cm wide, with good drainage ditches around the plot.
2.2 Propagation Methods
2.2.1 Division Propagation. After harvesting chrysanthemum in November, cut the stems and dig out the roots to plant in the field, apply soil mixed fertilizer, and keep warm for overwintering. In the second year, water with dung before the seedlings sprout in spring. When the seedlings grow to about 15 cm around Guyu (Grain Rain), pull out the seedlings and divide them into several plants, and plant them immediately with adequate water. The general transplanting time should not be later than mid-May.
2.2.2 Cutting Propagation. Perform cuttings from April to May or June to August. Cut the branches in the middle, retain the upper half, cut into segments 20 cm long, each segment should retain one leaf bud, the top part should retain the terminal bud, then treat with plant hormones, and proceed with cutting, with a spacing of 6 to 7 cm, press firmly and water sufficiently. After 20 days, when the roots are formed, water with dung once.
2.3 Field Management
2.3.1 Hoeing and Weeding. Generally, 4 to 5 times of weeding are carried out before the chrysanthemum buds appear. It should be shallow rather than deep, generally hoeing every 2 months, while earthing up to prevent lodging.
2.3.2 Topdressing. Chrysanthemum enjoys fertilizer. In addition to the base fertilizer, topdressing is also required during the growing period, generally 3 times. The first time is after transplanting and returning to green, applying 10 to 15 kg of urea per mu to promote seedling growth; the second time is when the plants branch out; and the third time is during the budding period, with the amount of fertilizer not too large, similar to the first time.
2.3.3 Bud Removal. Bud removal of chrysanthemum can increase its yield. In late May, when the seedlings are 25 cm tall, select a sunny day to remove the top 1 to 2 cm of the central bud. Then, bud removal is carried out every half a month, stopping after mid-to-late July. Otherwise, too many branches with poor nutrition will affect the yield and quality of chrysanthemum.
2.4 Disease and Pest Control
2.4.1 Root Rot. Root rot appears as dry rot or tangled hemp-like, with yellowing and withering of the leaves, mostly occurring before and after flowering. Control methods: appropriate irrigation, drainage in waterlogging, and loosening of the soil.
2.4.2 Leaf Spot. Initially, the plant's leaves show yellow and dark brown circular or elliptical spots of varying sizes, followed by small black dots in the center of the lesions, yellowing, and drying of the basal leaves, and gradually the upper leaves and flower buds become diseased. Control methods: avoid excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, ensure drainage and ventilation, and remove diseased leaves in a timely manner. It can be prevented by spraying 80% wettable zinc omethane 500 times or 1% Bordeaux mixture 2 to 3 times per month before the disease, and 7 days after the onset of the disease.
2.4.3 Downy Mildew. Caused by a flagellate fungus. It mainly affects the leaves, and when the air is humid, a powdery mildew layer appears on the back of the leaves, sometimes spreading to the front, and in severe cases, all the outer leaves turn yellow and die. Control methods: In the early stage of the disease, spray 60%灭克 wettable powder 800 to 1000 times and 65% zinc omethane wettable powder 500 times. Timely drainage during the rainy season. Avoid continuous cropping, and implement a 3-year or more rotation with cereals.
3 Harvesting and Processing
Generally harvested from Frost's Descent to the Start of Winter. White chrysanthemum (including millet chrysanthemum, Huai chrysanthemum, Sichuan chrysanthemum) is bundling the flowering branches, hanging them upside down to dry in the shade, then cutting off the flower heads, sorting, packing, and marketing.
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