What is the best fertilizer for broccoli
Today's experience sharing: the best fertilizer for broccoli and the explanation of green plant flower cultivation techniques for high-yield broccoli cultivation, the following is a comprehensive introduction.
In response to netizens' requests, today we will introduce the cultivation technique of broccoli, which is a vegetable widely loved by the public.
1. Plot selection
Select a plot with loose and fertile soil, convenient for irrigation and drainage for cultivation. If it is early spring greenhouse cultivation, it is necessary to cover the greenhouse two weeks in advance for insulation.
2. Apply enough base fertilizer
Before planting, apply 2 tons of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 30-40 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, plus 2 jin of boron fertilizer, and thoroughly till the soil to a depth of 20 cm.
3. Planting requirements
Make small high ridges for transplanting, with ridge width of about 80 cm and ridge ditch of 30 cm. Plant two rows per ridge, with plant spacing of 40-50 cm, and plant about 2300-2700 plants per mu. Try to use mechanical transplanting during transplantation. The suspension-type transplanting machine currently promoted in Beijing can adjust the plant spacing according to user needs and integrates ridge formation, mulching, drip irrigation installation, watering, topdressing, and seedling planting. Each machine requires 4 workers, 1 driver, 2 seedling planters, and 1 person to check the quality of seedling planting, capable of transplanting 3 mu of land per hour, greatly improving work efficiency and reducing labor intensity.
Broccoli sowing time
Broccoli is usually sown in autumn, grows in winter, and normally goes on the market after the Spring Festival. It starts to bloom in spring and the seeds mature by April or May. Seedlings in summer and autumn are sown in the high-temperature season from August to October, when the temperature is generally above 25°C, sometimes reaching 30-35°C. Due to the damage from heavy rain and hail, a shading net is used for open-field seedlings. The seedling age is generally 35-40 days, and direct seeding can also be used. The average seedling period is about 30 days, from planting to harvesting takes 80-90 days. With slightly stronger winter hardiness, seedlings with a stem diameter of 10 mm can withstand low temperatures to complete the vernalization process.
Field management
1. Water management
After transplanting, it is essential to water well to help the seedlings adapt. Watering should be based on the weather conditions, keeping the soil slightly dry and wet within the first two weeks to promote root growth. After two weeks, the field should be kept moist, adjusting fertilization with water. In the early stage of the rosette period, sufficient water is required to meet the rapid growth needs of the plants. After the plants form a clump, watering should be controlled to promote root development. During the formation of the flower head, the soil in the field should be kept moist, and plenty of water is needed during the expansion of the flower head. During the peak harvest period, watering should be moderate to prevent excessive humidity causing diseases and rotting of the flower head.
Broccoli fertilizer
2. Fertilizer management
After the seedlings adapt (about two weeks after planting), a topdressing fertilizer is needed. Apply 40 jin of calcium ammonium nitrate or 20 jin of urea per mu, followed by watering. When the plants enter the rapid growth stage, apply 1-2 times of urea, 25-30 jin per mu, to ensure sufficient leaf area. After the plants form buds, to promote the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and favorable flower head formation, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, boron and calcium fertilizers. A heavy application of fertilizer is needed once or twice during the flower head formation period, with 15-20 jin of compound fertilizer or urea and 15-20 jin of potassium sulfate per mu. To prevent yellowing of the flower head surface and hollow stems, spray 0.5% borax and 0.5% ammonium molybdate solution on the leaves, once a week, for 2-3 consecutive times. After the peak harvest period, some varieties can be topdressed with 30 jin of compound fertilizer per mu to promote the growth of side flower heads for harvesting, increasing economic benefits.
3. Field management
Spring planting with black mulch can effectively prevent the growth of weeds. After transplanting, cover the ears with soil to promote root growth. In autumn planting, due to the hot weather, generally no mulch is used. One week after planting, manually or mechanically hoe the weeds once, eliminating weeds and increasing soil permeability. Hoeing and weeding should be done 2-3 times depending on the weed situation.
Disease and pest control
The main pests of broccoli include caterpillars, aphids, and small whiteflies. BT 1000 times liquid plus organic silicone 5000 times can effectively control the pests after the seedlings adapt. In the early stage of pest infestation, use high-efficiency chlorpyrifos 1000 times, pymetrozine 1500 times, methoxythiazole 100 times, chlorbenzuron 1500 times, etc., combined 2-3 times, adding organic silicone as an adhering agent to increase the efficacy. Diseases mainly include downy mildew, soft rot, and sclerotinia disease, which can be controlled by using 64% metalaxyl 800 times, agricultural streptomycin 3000 times, dimethomorph 1000 times, and chlorothalonil 800 times, mixed or alternately used for prevention and treatment.
The above is the summary of the broccoli cultivation method by the editor of Green Plant Enthusiast website, hoping it can be of some help to everyone. Broccoli is nutritious and delicious, not only suitable for stir-frying but also for cold dishes, suitable for all ages. The prospects for broccoli cultivation are broad, and it might lead you to a path of wealth!
The above is the detailed content of the best fertilizer for broccoli and its high-yield cultivation techniques, hoping to bring you help!