Key Points and Requirements for the Cultivation of Orchids
As an elegant representative among perennial herbaceous plants, orchids are deeply favored by gardening enthusiasts for their unique shape and fragrant aroma. To achieve healthy growth and the blooming of charming flowers, it is necessary to master their growth characteristics and care regulations. This article systematically sorts out the key elements in the cultivation process of orchids based on practical planting experience.
Substrate Preparation and Basic Planting
Epiphytic Orchid Substrate Combination
The root system of epiphytic orchids requires a well-ventilated environment, and it is recommended to use a layered structure: the bottom is laid with ceramsite to increase drainage, the middle layer is mixed with pine bark (2-3 cm particle size) and fermented pine needles (proportion 3:1), and the surface is covered with fresh water moss to maintain humidity. The planting material needs to be replaced every 2 years to prevent acidification and compaction.
Terrestrial Orchid Soil Formula
The cultivation substrate for terrestrial orchids should have the dual characteristics of fertilizing and breathable, with the recommended formula: decomposed oak leaves 40% + volcanic rock particles 20% + red jade soil 15% + perlite 15% + charcoal chips 10%. The planting depth should be such that 1/3 of the pseudobulb is exposed above the soil surface.
Accurate Control of Environmental Factors
Light and Temperature Regulation
Spring orchids, Huai orchids, etc., require 18,000-25,000 lux scattered light, and dark orchids should be controlled at 12,000-18,000 lux. Maintaining a day-night temperature difference of 5-8°C is beneficial for bud differentiation, with shading nets used in summer and night temperatures kept above 10°C in winter.
Air Circulation Management
Install circulating fans to maintain air flow, with air exchange 3-5 times per hour when humidity is between 60-75%. Prevent the growth of mold during the rainy season by covering the surface of the planting material with pine bark to enhance breathability.
Scientific Management of Water and Nutrients
Irrigation Cycle Control
Key Points and Requirements for the Cultivation of Orchids
Water when the surface of the planting material is dry by 1cm in spring and autumn, choose early morning to replenish water during high summer temperatures, and switch to noon in winter. When using the immersion method, the water level should not exceed 1/3 of the pot height, and the soaking time should be controlled within 15 minutes.
Fertilization Application Plan
During the growing season (March-October), alternate between balanced N-P-K 20-20-20 fertilizer and seaweed extract (diluted 3000 times), applied twice a month. During the budding stage, apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer (N-P-K 10-30-20), and after flowering, supplement with trace element fertilizer to promote recovery.
By accurately controlling the three environmental factors of light, temperature, and humidity, combined with scientific substrate management and water and fertilizer programs, even novice planters can cultivate robust orchid plants. Regularly observe the leaf condition (glossiness, erectness) and root development (number of new crystal roots), and timely adjust the care strategy to allow this natural spirit to display its charming demeanor in the living space.