Differences Between Native and Foreign Orchids
When shopping for orchids in the flower market, we are often confused by the classification of "native orchids" and "foreign orchids." These two plants, both belonging to the orchid family, have profound differences in variety characteristics, cultivation methods, and cultural connotations. Understanding these differences not only helps us take better care of the plants but also allows us to appreciate the unique charm that different regional cultures impart to plants.
Lineage and Native Environment
The Eastern Bloodline of Traditional Native Orchids
Native orchids refer specifically to orchid plants indigenous to China, including eight traditional varieties such as Cymbidium, Huai orchid, and Jian orchid. These plants are mostly distributed in the Yangtze River Valley and the southern regions, with Cymbidium able to withstand temperatures as low as -8°C and Jian orchid adapting to the warm climate of Fujian. Their rhizomes have typical terrestrial orchid characteristics, often forming symbiotic ecosystems with bamboo forests and streams.
The Exotic Elegance of Tropical Foreign Orchids
Foreign orchids generally refer to tropical epiphytic orchids such as Phalaenopsis and Cattleya, encompassing over 70 genera and more than 30,000 varieties. They are mostly native to the tree trunks in the Southeast Asian rainforest, with aerial roots that can grow exposed. Vanda orchids can bloom in temperatures as high as 30°C, while Paphiopedilum requires 85% humidity, which contrasts sharply with the cultivation environment of native orchids.
Cultivation System and Cultural Symbolism
The Literary Spirit Embodied in Native Orchids
Since the Song Dynasty, native orchids have been known as one of the "Four Gentlemen" alongside plum, bamboo, and chrysanthemum. Their elegant flower colors correspond to the "simple heart" character, and their subtle fragrance symbolizes restraint and cultivation. Cultivation is particular about using purple sand pots and stone planters, and watering with a specially designed long-spout pot, these details embody the aesthetic taste of traditional literati.
The Development of Decorative Aesthetics in Foreign Orchids
In the Victorian era, Europe experienced a craze for orchids. Modern tissue culture techniques have made Phalaenopsis the main force in the flower market during the Spring Festival, with their bright colors fitting the Western color aesthetics. The use of sphagnum moss planting method combined with transparent containers not only meets the epiphytic needs but also has ornamental value, embodying the combination of practicality and beauty.
Cross-Cultural Exchange and Variety Innovation
The emergence of the large-flowered Cattleya orchid symbolizes the integration of Eastern and Western orchids - using the cold-resistant genes of native orchids to improve tropical orchids. This hybrid variety retains the rich colors of foreign orchids and has the upright leaf posture of native orchids, with annual sales exceeding ten million plants, becoming a new favorite in the flower market.
From the wild orchids in the mountains to the greenhouse flowers, the differences between native and foreign orchids reflect the plant cognition of different civilizations. As we admire the noble character of native orchids, we also see the vitality of life in the brilliance of foreign orchids. This diversity of plant culture is the continuous source of motivation for horticultural enthusiasts.