How to fertilize properly?
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The so-called proper fertilization means paying attention to the right time and the right amount. The right time refers to fertilizing when the flowers need it, such as when the leaf color fades or the plant growth is weak, fertilization is timely. As for when to apply what kind of fertilizer, it depends on the different growth and development stages of the flowers. For example, more nitrogen fertilizer can be applied during the seedling stage to promote rapid and robust growth of the seedlings; more phosphorus fertilizer can be applied during the bud formation stage to promote larger flowers and stronger seeds; fertilization should be controlled appropriately during the initial fruit setting stage to benefit fruit setting. No matter when fertilizing, attention should be paid to the right amount. Too much nitrogen fertilizer can cause excessive growth, and too much potassium fertilizer can hinder growth, affecting flowering and fruiting.
When fertilizing, the following points should be noted:
(1) Pay attention to the type of flowers. Different types of flowers have different requirements for fertilizers. For example, osmanthus and camellia prefer pig manure and dislike human excrement; azalea, camellia, gardenia, and other southern flowers dislike alkaline fertilizers; flowers that need to be pruned heavily each year require a higher proportion of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to promote the growth of new branches; leaf-oriented flowers can focus more on nitrogen fertilizers; large flower-oriented flowers (such as chrysanthemums, dahlias, etc.) need to be fertilized with a moderate amount of complete fertilizer during the flowering stage to ensure all flowers bloom beautifully and brightly; fruit-oriented flowers should control fertilization and water during the flowering stage and apply sufficient complete fertilizers during the fruit enlargement stage to achieve the expected results; bulbous flowers should be fertilized with more potassium to promote bulb filling; fragrant flowers should be fertilized with more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers during the flowering stage to enhance the fragrance.
(2) Pay attention to the season. In winter, when the temperature is low and plant growth is slow, most flowers are in a state of growth stagnation, so fertilization is generally not performed; in spring and autumn, when flowers are in the peak growth period, with root, stem, and leaf growth, flower bud differentiation, and young fruit expansion, more fertilizers are needed, and more topdressings should be applied; in summer, with high temperatures and rapid water evaporation, and as flowers are in the peak growth period, the concentration of topdressings should be lower, and the frequency can be higher.
(3) Organic fertilizers must be fully decomposed and should not be used raw.
In addition, there are many valuable opinions on how to fertilize potted flowers in different regions. For example, information from Jiangsu and other places points out that fertilization should depend on the growth condition and determine the amount, adhering to the principle of "four more, four less, and four not": fertilize more when the plant is yellow and thin, before germination, during bud formation, and after flowering; fertilize less when the plant is robust, before germination, during flowering, and during the rainy season; do not fertilize when the plant is overgrown, newly planted, during the hot summer, or during dormancy. It also points out that there are three taboos when fertilizing potted flowers: avoid concentrated fertilizers, avoid hot fertilizers (as the soil temperature is high at noon in summer, fertilizing can damage the roots), and avoid sitting fertilizers (when planting flowers, a layer of soil should be added on top of the base fertilizer at the bottom of the pot, and then the flower should be planted in the pot).
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