How to plant tremella to make it germinate and key techniques for cultivating tremella.

How to plant tremella fuciformis to germinateA brief introduction to the article: Learn about the cultivation techniques and small knowledge of tremella fuciformis, such as how to plant tremella fuciformis to make it germinate and the main points of cultivation, let's understand it together.Tremella fuciformis, also known as white wood ear or white ear buttons, belongs to the Tremellaceae family and the Tremella genus. It has delicate and smooth gelatinous texture, unique flavor, and is rich in nutrients. It is a rare edible fungus that can be used for food and medicine. The fruiting body not only contains various amino acids, organic phosphorus, and organic iron, but also rich in acidic heteropolysaccharides, which can enhance the body's immune system and has significant therapeutic effects on chronic bronchitis, pulmonary heart disease, neurasthenia, cough, asthma, and other conditions. The following is an introduction to the morphological characteristics of tremella, main cultivation varieties, and the management methods of bag cultivation:I. Morphological characteristics of tremella;1. Mycelium: The mycelium of tremella is actually a mixed mycelium consisting of tremella mycelium and fragrant mycelium. The fragrant mycelium grows vigorously, capable of decomposing cellulose, lignin, starch, and other nutrients that the tremella mycelium cannot utilize, turning them into usable nutrients, which is a necessary living condition for the growth and propagation of tremella mycelium. The tremella mycelium is white, light yellow, or various intermediate colors mixed with white and yellow, forming mycelial colonies on the surface of the cultivation medium, which gradually become gelatinous and transform into small ear pieces.2. Fruiting body: Fresh ear bases are milky yellow or tan, with white, gelatinous, transparent, soft, and elastic ear pieces, resembling chrysanthemum or cockscomb in shape. The diameter of the ear pieces ranges from 5 to 10 cm, shrinking to 1/10 to 1/20 of the original size, and can recover to the original state when soaked in water.II. Growth and development conditions;1. Temperature: Tremella is a mesophilic fungus. The mycelium, spores, and fragrant mycelium of tremella can grow in an environment of 5 to 32°C, with the optimal growth temperature range being 25 to 30°C. Above 35°C, the mycelium grows poorly, above 38°C growth stops, and above 39°C it dies. The optimal temperature range for the formation of the fruiting body is 18 to 25°C, with the most suitable range being 23 to 25°C.2. Humidity: After the spores of tremella and fragrant mycelium fuse, they can only grow and develop normally under appropriate moisture conditions in the culture medium. The moisture content should generally be maintained at 55 to 60% for low moisture conditions. When the moisture content exceeds 65%, it is prone to rotting of the ears. If the mycelium grows on high师, the branching is few, does not form a fluffy mycelium, and will gradually age and die. The relative humidity of the air has a significant impact on the growth and development of tremella. During the mycelium growth stage, when the relative humidity of the air is below 70%, it is beneficial to increase the purity of the mycelium and control the growth of other bacteria. During the ear formation stage, the relative humidity should be maintained at 90 to 95%, which is conducive to the rapid growth of the ear pieces.3. Air: Tremella is an obligate aerobic fungus. During the mycelium growth stage, the oxygen requirement is relatively small, while during the ear formation stage, a larger amount of oxygen is needed. If there is insufficient oxygen, the fruiting body is prone to splitting and has poor color and texture. Therefore, during the growth period of the fruiting body, it is necessary to ventilate and exchange air frequently to prevent rotting of the ears and infection by other bacteria.4. Light: Light can promote spore germination and the growth of fragrant mycelium. In a bright greenhouse, the germination rate of spores is more than twice that in the dark. The fragrant mycelium grown in the dark is thin and has few black-brown secretions. However, in an environment with scattered light, the mycelium is robust and secretions are normal. When the light intensity is 50 lux, the fruiting body develops normally. In dim light, the fruiting body differentiation is slow, the quality is poor, and in a completely dark environment, the fruiting body cannot form.5. Ph value: Tremella is suitable for growing in a slightly acidic culture medium, with a Ph value of 5 to 7.2 being able to grow normally, with the most suitable Ph value being 5 to 6.III. Production time and cultivation site;Tremella is a mesophilic fungus, with the growth temperature of the fruiting body being 18 to 25°C, and the most suitable temperature range being 20 to 25°C. When the temperature is below 18°C, the fruiting body develops slowly, and when the temperature is above 28°C, the ear base is prone to rot. Therefore, cultivation is carried out from March to May in spring and from April to June in the room. The cultivation period is about 35 to 55 days, with 1 to 2 harvests possible. In autumn, the bags are usually prepared from late August to early September, and the ears are harvested from October to November.For artificial cultivation of tremella, vegetable greenhouse steel pipe greenhouses can be used, with temperature control achieved through the use of plastic film, shading nets, and grass curtains. When the temperature in the greenhouse is low, shading nets and agricultural films can be used to cover the greenhouse, with two layers of shading nets blocking direct sunlight. When the temperature is high, shading nets and grass curtains can be used for regulation. For indoor cultivation in artificial greenhouses,香菇 (shiitake), mushroom greenhouses can be used to cultivate tremella, with requirements for good sealing, moisture retention, ventilation, and scattered light. The greenhouse should be strictly disinfected before use.IV. Cultivation materials;The main raw material for artificial cultivation of tremella accounts for about 75% of the cultivation material, while the auxiliary material accounts for 25%. The commonly used main materials include sawdust and cottonseed hulls, while the auxiliary materials include sugar, gypsum, calcium superphosphate, soybean meal, etc. The commonly used cultivation material formulas are:1. Broad-leaf sawdust 78%, rice bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sucrose 1%, vitamin B1 10 ml per kilogram of dry material;2. Cottonseed hulls 74%, bran 20%, soybean meal 2%, gypsum 2%, sugar 1%, magnesium sulfate 1%;3. Sawdust 78%, bran 10%, rice bran 10%, sucrose 1%, gypsum 1%;4. Cottonseed hulls 78%, bran 20%, sucrose and calcium carbonate 1% each;5. Miscellaneous sawdust 80%, cottonseed hulls 18%, sucrose and gypsum 1% each;6. Sawdust 80%, cottonseed hulls 17%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and gypsum 1% each, magnesium sulfate and ferrous sulfate 0.5% each.V. Bag cultivation management methods;1. Bag making: Use a polypropylene tube 15 cm wide, 30 cm long, and 0.5 cm thick. Before filling, fold the bottom two corners into a square shape. When the material surface is 5 cm away from the bag opening, level the material surface, and cover the mouth with a mirror ring and cotton plug. The advantage of this short bag cultivation is that it saves material and costs. After filling, the bag can stand upright without falling over, saving operations such as sleeve installation during the ear formation period, with good moisture retention and wide mouth ventilation, resulting in large and uniform fruiting bodies.After the cultivation material is filled into the bag, it must be sterilized immediately in a pot and should not be left overnight. Stack the bags in a cross shape to ensure even heating. Sterilize at 90 to 100°C for 8 hours.2. Inoculation: Perform inoculation according to the aseptic inoculation procedure in an inoculation box or room. First, use an inoculation knife to scrape off a layer of tremella primordium from the surface of the material, then loosen and mix the mycelium around the primordium within a 3 cm radius. Tear off the sealed adhesive tape, take a bean-sized piece of mycelium with an inoculation spoon, quickly place it in the inoculation hole, then cover with adhesive tape. After inoculation, move the bags to the culture room, stacking them with the inoculation holes facing up to grow the mycelium.3. Mycelium growth management: 3 to 5 days after inoculation, the temperature in the culture room should be maintained at 25 to 28°C, with the material temperature 2 to 3°C lower than the room temperature, allowing the fragrant mycelium to recover and colonize quickly, sealing the inoculation holes as soon as possible to prevent the invasion of other bacteria. After five days, the mycelium metabolic activity becomes vigorous, producing some heat. At this time, the material temperature is 2 to 4°C higher than the room temperature. Lower the temperature in the culture room to 20 to 25°C to promote the growth and development of the tremella mycelium. To maintain the temperature in the room, only a small amount of ventilation is needed at noon. After about 11 days of inoculation, the mycelium forms a clear radial mycelium circle, sometimes the adhesive tape can be torn open at a corner to increase air ventilation. With sufficient oxygen, the mycelium grows faster. The relative humidity in the room during the mycelium growth stage should be maintained at around 50%, with weak light being suitable.4. Ear formation management: About 15 days after inoculation, when the mycelium between the inoculation holes has connected and black spots appear, move the bags to the mushroom room with the inoculation holes facing up and place them on the shelves with a 2 cm gap between bags. The temperature in the mushroom room should be maintained at 25 to 30°C, with the relative humidity controlled at 80 to 85% and some scattered light. Under suitable environmental conditions, the mycelium metabolism accelerates, causing yellow water to secrete from the inoculation holes. If yellow water is found, it should be drained or absorbed with a tissue or cotton swab in time to prevent it from affecting the ear formation rate or causing rotting of the inoculation holes.When small ear buds in the shape of broken rice form in the inoculation holes, the adhesive tape must be completely removed, and a sharp knife should be used to cut open the plastic film 1 cm away from the edge of the inoculation hole to expand the diameter of the hole, increasing the air ventilation to promote the development of the fruiting body. A layer of black shading net can be covered on the bag surface, and the spray can be directly sprayed on the shading net. The material surface should be sprayed less and frequently to prevent water from flowing into the holes and causing rotting ears.When the young ears enter the growth stage, the air humidity should be maintained at 90% to 95%. If the air humidity is below 85%, the ears will turn yellow, and if it exceeds 95%, rotting of the ears will occur. During the entire growth and development stage of the fruiting body, it is necessary to strengthen ventilation and improve the disease resistance of the fruiting body. Every 3 to 4 days, lift the shading net to ventilate for 2 to 3 hours, then cover and spray water to keep the moisture. After each spray, the door should be kept open for 10 to 20 minutes before closing.5. Harvesting: It takes about 12 to 18 days from ear formation to harvest. When the ear pieces are fully expanded with a diameter of 8 to 12 cm, feel elastic and appear white and semi-transparent, they should be harvested in time. Carefully cut the mature ear base with a knife, leaving the orange ear root, remove impurities from the ear base, and shape the ear root into a semicircle to facilitate regeneration. Be careful not to damage the shape of the ear. After harvesting, the tremella should be placed in a clean bamboo sieve coated with vegetable oil to dry. Usually, it is baked with charcoal fire or dried in a dehydrator to become a dry product.5 to 10 days before harvesting tremella, the number of water sprays should be gradually reduced, and ventilation should be increased. The relative humidity in the room should be reduced to around 80% to improve the quality of tremella and facilitate dehydration and drying after harvest.The above is the specific content on how to plant tremella fuciformis to make it germinate and the main points of its cultivation techniques for reference and operation.