Rose Breeding Methods and Precautions
Today, the editor will explain to you the knowledge of roses, the breeding methods and precautions of roses, follow the editor to see the specific content!
Many newbies who grow roses are looking up the breeding methods and precautions of roses, hoping to find the method of growing roses in this article. Although this article cannot be said to be a perfect article for new flower lovers, it includes the selection of rose varieties, the essentials of daily care, and the prevention of diseases and insect pests, which is very worthy for flower lovers to understand.
I. Variety Selection
First of all, you have to choose the variety you want. There is no good or bad variety, only suitable or not for you. Every rose bred has its advantages and reasons for existence. Don't blindly follow the trend, don't be a picture party, choose the variety you need most according to your planting environment, and the most suitable variety for you. Don't change to a new variety when this tree has not grown out of effect, and finally, one tree can't be seen well, and new varieties are updated too fast. Some varieties need to be strong before they can have amazing flowering effects. Maybe they are not satisfied when they are seedlings, but once they are formed, they will surprise you greatly. Note that you should not blindly pursue new varieties.
Balcony people: choose those varieties with a large amount of flowers, multi-season flowering, and not too large plant crown, be sure to check the information first, otherwise the flowers will turn into trees, in fact, many foreign translation materials are very inaccurate in flowering, different climates, to refer to those who have planted. You can choose some small crown Austin roses, profuse roses, micro roses and so on. It's not just micro roses that can be planted on the balcony. Some small crown varieties can also be planted, such as Misato, Juliet, Miranda and so on, which are very suitable.
Terrace: similar to the balcony, but you can choose some shrub varieties, can do flower racks, flower pillars to plant small vines, you can also plant a few HT, but it is not recommended to plant classical rose and strong flower rose.
Courtyard: choose your variety according to the actual situation of the yard. If there is a fence, make a vine, if there is a flower rack, make a small vine, if there is an arch, make a vine. If the fence is large, you can mix the one-season and multi-season. Some old roses are very beautiful, they can always surprise you, easy to raise, easy to take care of. According to your favorite color, you can plant several strong flowers in the open place, one group is very beautiful, and you can plant some HT type on the side. You can also plant several old roses on the rockery side and in the corner. The fragrance is strong, the amount of flowers is large, very spectacular, and a real rose garden can not be less these old roses. Although it is one season, but when it blooms, it is very spectacular, enough to surprise you for a year.
Specific application recommendations:
Arch: When people mention arch, they think of climbing roses, but climbing roses are not suitable. Climbing roses will grow very high and grow indefinitely, and even collapse the arch. My own is. Moreover, it is not easy to bloom under the climbing roses, and many climbing roses do not bloom well and have few fragrant ones. Therefore, the most recommended is Austin's small climbing roses, such as Morris, Wedgwood, Princess Margaret, Claire Austin, Tess, Gertrude Jekyll, Georgia and so on.
Fence: divided into general fence type and high fence, the height of the fence is the same as the arch. High fence, choose climbing roses, if the fence is long, you can mix several colors, multi-season and one-season mix.
Pergola: if you only surround a pillar, it is the same as the arch. If you need to cover the whole corridor, you can choose large climbing roses, such as Dragon Stone, Alchemist and so on, which are very suitable.
Flower bed: just choose the low-growing varieties, the varieties are the ones mentioned above on the balcony, generally the flower bed is always together with the fence and wall, plant these low-growing ones in the flower bed, and then choose large shrubs above.
Potted plants: choose some varieties with vigorous growth and horizontal stretching, such as Austin's small shrubs, profuse roses and micro roses.
Variety lovers: it is hard to say, everyone has different hobbies, choose by yourself!
Collection lovers: collect all varieties, as long as there is land, hahahaha.
II. Purchase and Treatment of Plants
Now the domestic start is late, the level has not reached the foreign level, the European month is generally only half a year or so small seedlings, those root grafting big seedlings still need a certain time, but this is the trend, necessary, I emphasize that I refer to the real root grafting, just like the ginseng root imported naked root you see, grafting on the cut rose stem is not in this category, this category aging fast, rootstock germination, there are some trouble.
I first emphasize what seedlings are strong seedlings, not the seedlings are tall, so I don't like people to ask me how tall your seedlings are. The vigorous roots and fresh leaves are more important than anything else. If the roots are good, you don't need to slow down the seedlings after receiving them, you can grow directly, grow faster than the slightly larger seedlings of bare roots, if the roots are not good, the new roots will take some time to grow out, and if you can't hold on, you will die. The leaves are also very important. Some of the water absorption of the roots is provided by the root hair according to the concentration difference, and the concentrated fertilizer burns the roots, which is the principle. The concentration of fertilizer is high, and the water in the roots is absorbed out. Some of it is provided by the leaves. The evaporation of the leaves provides the power for the roots to absorb water. If there are no leaves, the roots are not good, and the water can not be absorbed, and it will dry out, and even if you pour more water, it is useless. Many of the seedlings bought in autumn without leaves are hanging for this reason. Also, in summer, you can't cut only the stem, many students see the disease, cut off the leaves, and finally cut off the seedlings. So, I hope that flower lovers will not ask me how tall the seedlings are again, it is really difficult to answer, not high is good, if you want high, do not prune a meter is very fast, but this is not necessary, to see the overall situation. The seedling is healthy, and it is okay to be small.
After receiving the problem of slow seedlings, if the roots are very good, there are many white new roots, then you don't need to slow down the seedlings, you can directly plant in the ground or change pots and put them in the sun in spring or autumn, plant in the evening in summer, and then water thoroughly, if the sun is not particularly strong, you can sunbathe the next day, if it is really big, put it in a cool place for a few days. Pay attention to ventilation and scattered light, note that you can not slow down the seedlings in the room, put it for a week, and then expose it to the sun, it will definitely die.
If the soil ball is very hard and no new roots can be seen outside, you can remove a layer of soil slightly to let the roots contact new media, which is conducive to root growth. If you use peat, there is no need for this, just plant directly, and you don't have to worry about nematodes.
III. Media
Although roses have no high requirements for media, basically everything can be planted well, but good media can make it easier to raise good seedlings, and can reduce the investment of maintenance. The most reasonable proportion of solid, air and water in potted media is 30%, 35% and 35% respectively. Although it is not strictly followed, you can choose various media to mix according to this. The proportion of soil is 50%, 25% and 25% respectively. There are many taboos about media, and it can be compiled into a book. There are many kinds of mixtures. Generally, you can mix according to the materials you have around you, loose and breathable is good, common formulas are: garden soil: coarse sand = 6:4, peat: perlite = 6:4, peat: pine scale = 6:4, not strict, you can mix according to your own. If you mix some organic fertilizer, it will be better, organic fertilizer can be decomposed by microorganisms to slowly release nutrients, strengthen the soil structure, make the soil loose, breathable and good drainage, not too compacted, it is recommended to add some organic fertilizer in the pot with garden soil. There is also a misunderstanding to understand, the bottom fertilizer is not the fertilizer placed at the bottom of the pot, otherwise the fertilizer will easily flow away with water, it can be mixed in the soil, or applied in the surface soil around the roots in a ring shape, the roots have the tendency to fertilizer. There is also a common sense that many people do not believe that potted plants grow better than ground plants. You don't believe it, huh.
IV. Pot Selection
Generally, half a year small seedlings can be transplanted into pots with a diameter of about 16 cm, do not change a very large one at a time, otherwise it will be difficult to control the moisture and rot the roots. Then, change to a larger pot after half a year, each time change a pot with a diameter of 10 cm larger is okay.
V. Planting
When planting, hold the surface of the pot with your palm, and then turn it over, just take away the nutrient bowl directly. Put it in the pot or pit, do not pull it directly. Note that try not to scatter the soil ball, which will hurt the roots. A little bit of pinch will break many root hairs, because they are too thin, know the importance of root hairs. After planting, water it in time and thoroughly, even if it rains, you must water again. Watering can make the root hairs stick to the media and absorb water directly, otherwise it will affect the absorption of water. Also, a little point, some flower friends are afraid of freezing after watering in winter, in fact, there is a buffer effect when there is water, without water, it is easier to freeze the roots. So, please remember to water in time after planting, and don't delay until the next day, how to do its roots at night without watering?
Many flower friends reflect that the leaves turn yellow and fall off after planting, in fact, this is caused by lack of water in a certain process, after lack of water, plants produce abscisic acid to reduce water evaporation, leaves fall off, thinking of entering dormancy, although it will not cause death, but it will affect growth. Many bare root seedlings are also in this situation.
VI. Fertilization
First of all, understand what plants need, the most needed are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and then add trace elements, so as long as these are supplemented, plants are enough. Organic fertilizer is also used for these, only released slowly, can ensure the nutrition of plants for a long time (G-Y), and can also promote loose what. Chicken manure and bone meal are the main sources of phosphorus fertilizer, but the fertilizer effect is slow, phosphorus promotes flowering, so it is very beneficial to roses. Wood ash is the main source of potassium fertilizer, which promotes the robustness of branches, and bean cake has a lot of nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer.
Therefore, these chemical fertilizers can meet the needs. Roses are not for eating, a little chemical fertilizer is okay, the simplest and most convenient is to use controlled release fertilizer, which is formulated according to the needs of plants, once a year, very convenient, the release speed of controlled release fertilizer will be different according to the amount of water and the temperature, so you don't have to worry about winter and so on. If you don't have controlled release fertilizer, you can spray foliar fertilizer or pour it in, basically dilute water-soluble fertilizer with 1000 times liquid, once a week, to ensure the health of plants, very vigorous. However, different seedling stages use different proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. More potassium content is used in seedlings and autumn, more phosphorus content is used when flowering, and more nitrogen content is used to raise leaves. However, for simplicity, general-purpose fertilizer is usually used.
I also want to emphasize a point, many rumors say not to fertilize when planting seedlings, but this is on the premise that there is a small amount of fertilizer in the bare root or medium, such as adding organic fertilizer and so on. If you use new un-fertilized nutrient soil, the roots are also very good, then you must still fertilize, it is best to thin and frequent application of fertilizer, otherwise the roots and leaves will not have enough nutrition and grow fast.
There is also a misunderstanding that fertilizer cannot be applied in summer. Summer is the fastest growing season of plants in a year. At this time, you feed it full and ask it to grow fast, so it may cause dormancy and so on. Many times, the flowers in summer are small because of this. In summer, it is best to thin and frequent application of fertilizer, large water and fertilizer, grow fast, and the flowers are still very large.
VII. Pruning
There are many things to say about pruning, and I will supplement them in detail later. Just talk about it a little bit, actually, you can understand by looking at a picture,
Just follow this idea, you can definitely grow a very full ball, many people always say that this is easy to plant trees, that is easy to plant trees, in fact, he plants trees is because you indulge, at the beginning of this pruning will not appear trees. Just a few branches are still tied straight, how to promote the bamboo shoots, he only knows one thing, just grow up.
However, I emphasize a few points about winter pruning, first, every kind of rose pruning is different, old roses have old roses pruning method, HT has HT pruning method, micro roses have micro roses, climbing roses have climbing roses. Generally remember that old roses can be cut higher and more branches can be left, modern roses can keep three or five large branches per plant, cut to 30 to 45. Just bought back half a year small seedlings do not need to cut in winter, leave to accumulate nutrients, more leaves, grow faster, roots are also good, branches and leaves and roots are proportional. In this way, it is easy to produce bamboo shoots in spring, and basically it will not shed leaves in winter, wait for bamboo shoots to come out and then prune.
VIII. How to Promote the Growth of Bamboo Shoots
If you want to make a thick and strong bamboo shoot, you can do two points, first, nutrition to keep up, seedling very healthy, sufficient fertilizer, second, break the apical dominance, can press the branches crooked, pull horizontally, although pruning can also destroy the apical dominance, but pruning after the impact of plant nutrition absorption, so try to retain more leaves, this will definitely produce a very strong bamboo shoot, and if the original branches are very thin and weak, you can cut them, and also pay attention to one point, do not make it too late, otherwise, it will freeze in winter when the bud comes out, which is not good.
IX. Diseases and Insect Pests
Insect pests, generally a little bit to see the drug, mainly red spider, green worm class,
Red spider: should all know it, as soon as you see it, you can pinch it with your hand if you have few seedlings, or wash it with water, take a spray bottle, spray it every day, wash it after three days, but you must spray the back of the leaves. If you have a lot of roses and a lot of insects, you can only use medicine, generally you can use abamectin, this is the most used, if this is not good, you can change a new medicine, maybe a bit expensive, but the effect is very good.
Green worm class, if there are not many, pinch it off, if there are many, it is recommended to use biological pesticides, such as Bacillus, which has a drug efficacy of one month and is non-toxic to people, this is the best.
Aphids: generally a little pyridine can handle it.
Disease: mainly black spot and powdery mildew, this depends on prevention first, basically at home a week to half a month alternating spray once, and each time after the rain to spray once.
Black spot: there will be black spots on the leaves, the surrounding will turn yellow, and if it is serious, all the leaves of the seedlings will turn yellow and fall off, which will have a great impact.
Powdery mildew: there will be white powder on the leaves, and then the leaves will curl, which will occur in spring and autumn, generally rely on prevention in daily life, once it appears, it is very troublesome, mainly on the tender leaves, and cut it directly after it appears. However, there are several drugs that are very effective. After spraying the fungicide for three days, the powdery mildew will be killed,
Powdery mildew killed by spraying fungicide
10. Common Problems
Black dry: mainly caused by weak seedlings and poor roots, this is a problem of its own, and the effect of medicine is not great, it is recommended to ventilate more, keep the medium dry.
Yellow leaves: one is the yellowing of the bottom old leaves after receiving, this is because of the premature aging caused by mailing, the problem is not big. The roots and leaves are proportional, a little damage to the roots, need to reduce the leaves to balance.
Another, the leaves are yellow in daily life, mainly caused by unconscious drought, maybe you water thoroughly in the morning, but there is still a lack of water in the noon, although it recovers in the evening, you think it's okay, but there is already damage, after