As a traditional Chinese famous flower, narcissus is deeply loved for its elegant posture and subtle aroma. Its maintenance needs to be combined with multidimensional technologies such as environmental regulation, water and fertilizer management, and pest control.
1. Environmental Control Technology
Narcissus flowers have clear requirements for light, temperature, and ventilation.
. It is necessary to ensure 6-8 hours of daily sunlight exposure. In spring and autumn, full sunlight can be used for maintenance. In summer, a sunshade net should be used to filter 50% of the strong light to avoid leaf burns. In winter, it is necessary to maintain an environment of 10-18 ℃. Temperatures below 5 ℃ can cause frost damage, while temperatures above 25 ℃ can easily lead to overgrowth. Ventilation management requires maintaining air circulation and avoiding humidity exceeding 70%, which can reduce the risk of gray mold occurrence.2. Water and Fertilizer Management Strategies
1. Water Supply
Hydroponic cultivation should follow the "three-stage water change method": in the early stage, water should be changed daily to promote rooting, water should be changed every 2-3 days after root development, and water should be changed weekly during the bud stage with the addition of 0.05% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution.
. Soil cultivation should maintain a soil moisture content of 60% -70%, using the principle of "see dry, see wet", and reducing to once a week in winter. The water quality needs to be dried for 24 hours with tap water, and the hardness should be controlled at 80-120mg/L.2. Fertilization Guidelines
The base fertilizer is a 1:1 mixture of decomposed cake fertilizer and bone meal, with 10g applied per liter of soil. During the growth period, a special fertilizer with a ratio of N: P: K=1:2:3 is applied every 15 days, with a concentration controlled at 0.1% -0.2%.
. Applying 0.02% borax solution during the bud stage can enhance the plumpness of flower buds. Stop applying nitrogen fertilizer 20 days before the flowering period and switch to 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to extend the flowering period by 5-7 days.
III. Disease and pest control system
1. Disease control
Root rot control should be noted: soak the seed balls in 800 fold solution of mancozeb for 30 minutes, and immediately irrigate the roots with 1500 fold solution of oxytetracycline if diseased plants are found during the growth period.
. The leaf spot disease was prevented and controlled by the alternative spray of difenoconazole 1500 times solution+carbendazim 800 times solution, three times continuously every 7 days. The prevention and control of gray mold requires ventilation, and when the humidity is above 80%, a circulating fan should be used. In the early stages of the disease, 1000 times the amount of fungicide should be sprayed.2. Insect pest control. The control of red spider needs to maintain the environmental humidity. When insect pests are found, use abamectin 2000 times solution+spiro mite 3000 times solution to mix spray. The prevention and control of root mites requires soaking the seeds in a 5% Nisolan 2000 fold solution for 20 minutes before storage, and mixing soil with 5g/㎡ of avermectin granules for soil treatment.
4. Special Maintenance Techniques
1. Flowering Period Control
The flowering period can be precisely controlled through temperature treatment: when flowering needs to be advanced, placing the bulbs in an environment of 15-18 ℃ and providing 16 hours of daily light can shorten the flowering period by 15 days.
. When delaying flowering, refrigeration treatment at 5-8 ℃ can be used, and the flowering period can be delayed for up to 30 days. Spraying the flower stem with 10mg/L ethephon solution during the bud stage can concentrate the flowering period.2. Styling treatment
Carving should be done before the bulb sprouts, using the "crab claw" carving method: cutting 3mm deep longitudinally along both sides of the leaf buds, retaining 0.5cm of the base tissue, which can promote lateral bud germination.
. After shaping, the incision should be disinfected with 0.1% potassium permanganate solution and left to cure at 10 ℃ for 7 days. The narcissus flower pot needs to be rotated 180 ° daily to ensure even lighting.Fifth, Preventive Maintenance Measures
1. Seed Ball Treatment
When selecting, choose high-quality seed balls with a circumference of ≥ 22cm and a bulb diameter of 3cm or more.
. When processing, first remove the dry outer skin, soak in 50 ℃ warm water for 30 seconds for disinfection, and then wipe the bulb disc with 70% alcohol. During the storage period, maintain a temperature of 5-8 ℃ and a humidity of 60%, and flip and check once every 30 days.2. Container selection
Hydroponic containers should be wide mouthed glass bottles, with a diameter 2cm larger than the diameter of the seed ball and a depth of 15-20cm. For soil cultivation, a substrate with a ratio of ceramic particle base+peat: perlite=3:1 should be used, and the pH value should be controlled between 6.0-6.5.
. Sand cultivation requires river sand with a particle size of 2-3mm and a thickness of 8-10cm.3. Daily inspection
Establish a "three check" system: check the leaves for curling and yellowing every day, check the color and growth of the roots every week, and check the soil pH and EC values every month.
. If a diseased plant is found, it should be immediately isolated, and the tools should be disinfected with 75% alcohol before and after use.VI. Safety Precautions
The whole plant of narcissus contains alkaloids such as lycorine, which can cause symptoms such as vomiting and diarrhea if ingested by mistake.
. Rubber gloves should be worn during handling to avoid contact between the juice and the skin. Clean tools promptly after trimming, and avoid placing them in children's activity areas. Abandoned plants should be sealed in black plastic bags to prevent animals from ingesting them. Through scientific environmental regulation, precise water and fertilizer management, systematic pest and disease control, and preventive maintenance measures, the ornamental value of narcissus flowers can be significantly enhanced. It is recommended to establish a maintenance file to record key data such as temperature, humidity, and fertilization, and optimize the maintenance plan through data analysis. With the development of plant growth regulators and biological control technologies, more environmentally friendly maintenance modes can be explored in the future.