What is the suitable temperature for apple flowering
Xiaobian will tell you about the appropriate temperature for apple flowering. The following is a detailed introduction.
The suitable temperature during apple flowering is usually between 12 and 20℃, with the most ideal temperature range being 15-18℃. This temperature range can promote normal flower bud differentiation, effective pollen dispersion and smooth completion of the fertilization process. It is a key environmental factor to ensure apple yield and quality.
###1. Specific effect of temperature on apple flowering period Temperature during flowering period directly affects the following physiological processes: 1. - - Flower bud differentiation stage-(40-60 days before flowering)-It needs to experience low temperatures below 7.2℃ for a total of 600-1400 hours (cooling requirement)-temperatures exceeding 12℃ will break dormancy, but continuous temperatures below-15℃ will cause flower bud freezing injury 2. - - Flowering initiation temperature threshold--The average daily temperature lasts for 5 days and is ≥8℃, germinating-entering the early flowering stage when it is ≥12℃-the development speed at the full flowering stage is the fastest 3. - - Critical value of pollen activity--When <10℃, the pollen tube elongation rate drops to 0.1 mm/h (normal value is 3-5mm/h)- >25℃ will lead to rapid drying of stigma mucus, and the pollen survival rate will decrease by 40%.###2. Differences in temperature adaptability of different varieties By comparing major cultivated varieties, it is found that:| varieties
| minimum endurance temperature| optimal flowering temperature| high temperature critical value||------------|--------------|--------------|------------||Fuji series
| 5℃
| 16±2℃
| 26℃
|| Gala
| 8℃
| 18±1℃
| 28℃
|| Marshal Department
| 7℃
| 15±2℃
| 25℃
|| guoguang
| 4℃
| 14±2℃
| 23℃
|Early-maturing varieties are generally 2-3℃ more resistant to high temperatures than late-maturing varieties, while traditional varieties have better low temperature adaptability than new varieties.### 3. Hazards of abnormal temperatures and prevention and control measures 1. - - Low-temperature freezing injury (<0℃)- -Critical freezing temperature of flowers: -2.2℃ (lasts for 2 hours)-Prevention and control plan: -Temperature of orchard smoking smoke (increasing the surrounding environment by 1-3℃)-Spray antifreeze (containing brassinolide preparation)-Flowering delay technology (spraying 5% lime water before germination) 2. - - High temperature hazard (>25℃)--Causes petal burns and stigma browning-Solution: -Spray irrigation in the afternoon to cool down (maintain the cooling effect for 3 hours)-Build a sunshade net with a 30% shading rate-Increase potassium fertilizer application to improve plant stress resistance ###4. Key points of temperature management in geographical areas 1. - - Loess Plateau production area- -(800-1200m above sea level)-The flowering period is prone to cold spring-It is recommended to choose leeward and sunny slopes to build gardens-Promote the "deep ditch planting" method (reduce the risk of freezing injury by 35%) 2. - - Bohai Bay production area--The temperature difference between day and night in April is large (8-15℃)-Ridging cultivation combined with plastic film mulching is needed-Spraying 0.01% carbon black solution in full flowering period to improve fruit setting rate 3. - - Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau production area--prone to continuous rain during flowering-Must be equipped with rainproof facilities-Recommended manual pollination (Increase yield by 18-22%)###5. Prediction model and precise management Application of accumulated temperature prediction model in modern orchards: flowering date =∑ (Average daily temperature-5 ℃)>85℃·d can be monitored in real time through Internet of Things equipment: -1 temperature and humidity recorder is configured every 10 acres-Multi-point monitoring of the canopy layer and ground layer-The practice of the automatic early warning system for temperature abnormalities has shown that maintaining the temperature difference between day and night during flowering period within the range of 8-10℃ (20℃ during the day/12℃ at night), combined with a relative humidity of about 75%, the effective pollination time can be extended to 5-7 days, significantly improving the rate of high-quality fruits. Fruit farmers should monitor temperature changes every day starting 7 days before flowering based on local meteorological data and take timely response measures to ensure flowering quality.
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